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Blastochloris tepida, sp. nov., a thermophilic species of the bacteriochlorophyll b-containing genus Blastochloris

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Abstract

A new taxon is created for the thermophilic purple nonsulfur bacterium previously designated as Rhodopseudomonas strain GI. Strain GI was isolated from a New Mexico (USA) hot spring microbial mat and grows optimally above 40 °C and to a maximum of 47 °C. Strain GI is a bacteriochlorophyll b-containing species of purple nonsulfur bacteria and displays a budding morphology, typical of species of the genus Blastochloris. Although resembling the species Blc. viridis in many respects, the absorption spectrum, carotenoid content, and lipid fatty acid profile of strain GI is distinct from that of Blc. viridis strain DSM133T and other recognized Blastochloris species. Strain GI forms its own subclade within the Blastochloris clade of purple nonsulfur bacteria based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequences, and its genome is significantly larger than that of strain DSM133T; average nucleotide identity between the genomes of Blc. viridis and strain GI was below 85%. Moreover, concatenated sequence analyses of PufLM and DnaK clearly showed strain GI to be distinct from both Blc. viridis and Blc. sulfoviridis. Because of its unique assortment of properties, it is proposed to classify strain GI as a new species of the genus Blastochloris, as Blc. tepida, sp.n., with strain GIT designated as the type strain (= ATCC TSD-138 = DSM 106918).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Aharon Oren, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, for nomenclatural advice and Dr. Ch. V. Ramana, University of Hyderabad, for cells of Blc. gulmargensis for carotenoid analyses. MTM thanks Dr. John Bauld for the mat sample from which strain GI was isolated. This work was supported in part by a grant to MTM from the NASA Exobiology Program and from JSPS KAKENHI grant number 17H05231 to YT. Electron microscopy was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the United States Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research, located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Richland, WA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA

    Michael T. Madigan

  2. Perfect Day, Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Sol M. Resnick

  3. Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

    Megan L. Kempher

  4. Pacific Northwest Regional Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA

    Alice C. Dohnalkova

  5. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinichi Takaichi

  6. Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Japan

    Zheng-Yu Wang-Otomo

  7. Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan

    Atsushi Toyoda, Ken Kurokawa & Hiroshi Mori

  8. Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Kanagawa, Japan

    Yusuke Tsukatani

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Genomic accession numbers Blastochloris tepida strain GIT 16S rRNA gene sequence, MG725814; Blastochloris tepida strain GIT complete genome sequence, AP018907. Culture accession numbers: Blastochloris tepida strain GIT DSM 106918; ATCC TSD-138.

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Madigan, M.T., Resnick, S.M., Kempher, M.L. et al. Blastochloris tepida, sp. nov., a thermophilic species of the bacteriochlorophyll b-containing genus Blastochloris. Arch Microbiol 201, 1351–1359 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01701-4

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