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Effect of applying intermittent force with and without vibration on orthodontic tooth movement

Auswirkung der Anwendung intermittierender Kraft mit und ohne Vibration auf die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegung

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to determine whether orthodontic tooth movement could be accelerated by applying an intermittent force protocol. It also examined the effect of applying additional vibrational forces on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption rates.

Methods

This study included 24 patients (16 males and 8 females) who underwent orthodontic treatment involving first premolar extraction and distal movement of the canines in the maxilla. A Hycon device (Adenta GmbH, Gilching, Germany) was used for canine distalization in all patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: one group received 20 min of vibration per day using the AcceleDent device (OrthoAccel Technologies, Inc., Bellaire, TX, USA), while the other group received no vibration. In addition, a split-mouth design was used: an activation-only force protocol was applied on one side, and an intermittent activation–deactivation–activation (ADA) protocol was applied on the other. The duration required for complete canine tooth distalization on each side was calculated. In addition, the effect of vibration on the orthodontically induced root resorption was examined.

Results

The intermittent ADA protocol significantly accelerated orthodontic tooth movement compared to the activation-only protocol (p < 0.05). The application of additional vibration did not affect the orthodontic tooth movement rate (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Using a Hycon device and following an ADA protocol provided significantly faster canine distalization than the activation-only protocol (p < 0.05). This intermittent force method proved very effective in closing the spaces. However, vibration did not significantly affect the orthodontic tooth movement rate (p > 0.05).

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung

In dieser Studie sollte ermittelt werden, ob die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegung durch Anwendung eines intermittierenden Kraftprotokolls beschleunigt werden kann. Außerdem wurde untersucht, wie sich die Anwendung zusätzlicher Vibrationskräfte auf die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegung und die Wurzelresorptionsraten auswirkt.

Methoden

Die Studie umfasste 24 Patienten (16 männliche, 8 weibliche), die sich einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung mit Extraktion der ersten Prämolaren und Distalbewegung der Eckzähne im Oberkiefer unterzogen. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Hycon-Apparatur (Adenta GmbH, Gilching, Deutschland) zur Distalisierung der Eckzähne verwendet. Die Patienten wurden randomisiert in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt: Eine Gruppe erhielt 20 min Vibration pro Tag mit der AcceleDent-Apparatur (OrthoAccel Technologies, Inc., Bellaire/TX, USA), die andere Gruppe erhielt keine Vibration. Außerdem kam ein Split-mouth-Design zum Einsatz: Auf der einen Seite wurde ein reines Aktivierungskraftprotokoll angewendet, auf der anderen Seite ein intermittierendes ADA(Aktivierung-Deaktivierung-Aktivierung)-Protokoll. Die Dauer, die für eine vollständige Distalisierung des Eckzahns auf jeder Seite erforderlich war, wurde berechnet. Darüber hinaus wurde die Auswirkung von Vibrationen auf die kieferorthopädisch induzierte Wurzelresorption untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Das intermittierende ADA-Protokoll beschleunigte die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegung im Vergleich zum reinen Aktivierungsprotokoll signifikant (p < 0,05). Die Anwendung von zusätzlicher Vibration hatte keinen Einfluss auf die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegungsrate (p > 0,05).

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Behandlung mit einer Hycon-Apparatur und die Einhaltung eines ADA-Protokolls führte zu einer signifikant schnelleren Distalisierung der Eckzähne als das reine Aktivierungsprotokoll (p < 0,05). Diese intermittierende Kraftmethode erwies sich als sehr effektiv beim Schließen der Lücken. Vibration hatte allerdings keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegungsrate (p > 0,05).

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Funding

This work was supported by the Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project code: TDH-2019-8701).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey

    Osman Yildiz

  2. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Ahmet Yagci

  3. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey

    Nizami Hashimli

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  1. Osman Yildiz
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  2. Ahmet Yagci
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  3. Nizami Hashimli
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Correspondence to Ahmet Yagci.

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Conflict of interest

O. Yildiz, A. Yagci and N. Hashimli declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical standards

Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Erciyes University School of Medicine (Kayseri, Turkey; approval number: 2018/337). This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03968263). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants aged ≥ 18 years personally signed the consent form, whereas consent was obtained from the parents of participants aged < 18 years.

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Yildiz, O., Yagci, A. & Hashimli, N. Effect of applying intermittent force with and without vibration on orthodontic tooth movement. J Orofac Orthop (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-023-00488-w

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