Abstract
The climate over North India during winter has been endorsed with a good amount of precipitation that occurs due to the interaction between the tropical–extratropical flows. We examined two land surface parameterizations namely Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer (BAT) scheme and the Community Land Model (CLM) with the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) on simulation of North Indian winter climate. RegCM model is configured for the Indian region and was integrated from 1 January 1982 to 31 December 2016 using the initial–boundary condition of ERA-interim reanalysis. Our results reveal that the CLM features of rainfall, temperature, and circulation at 700 hPa provided an added value with respect to BAT. The analysis of extreme rainfall seasons revealed the relative resemblance of CLM with CRU by means of sensible heat flux and soil moisture analyses. Various verification methods such as Taylor metrics, Improvement parameter, and root mean square deviation also reveal the consistency of CLM in its better performance over BAT simulations. These findings suggest that the implementation of CLM scheme with RegCM results in the added value of winter climate simulations than BAT over north India and thus the usage of the same are encouraged over the region.
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The RegCM simulations data are available upon request to the lead/corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This work was carried out under the research funding (MOES/16/11/2016-RDEAS) sanctioned by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India. We thank Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis fifth generation (ERA5) for providing us respective observation and reanalysis data. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped us to further improvement in the manuscript.
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This work was supported by the research Grant (MOES/16/11/2016-RDEAS) of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India.
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PVSR: conceptualization and finalization of the manuscript. MMK: model run and analysis and prepare the initial draft, DHP: correction and finalization of the manuscript.
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Karadan, M.M., Raju, P.V.S. & Prasad, D.H. Simulations of North Indian Winter Climate Using Non-hydrostatic RegCM. Pure Appl. Geophys. 181, 327–348 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03397-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-023-03397-6