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Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Bay of Bengal

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Abstract

This study shows the active role of subsurface ocean temperature in the evolution of coupled intra-seasonal oscillation (ISO) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) using multi-satellite observations and ocean analysis product. Satellite-derived humidity profiles obtained from the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) show that intense rains over the BoB are associated with the moistening (drying) in the lower and mid-troposphere during the active (break) phase of summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). Anomalous moistening in the mid-troposphere up to 500 hPa ahead of the maximum precipitation band over north BoB gives a precursor signal for the northward movement of the rain band. During the active (break) phase, the upper-tropospheric positive (negative) temperature anomaly ahead of the maximum rain band also sets a precondition by heating the mid- to upper troposphere. Daily subsurface temperature from Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) analysis show that during the active phase, tropospheric moistening (drying) coincides with the subsurface warm (cold) temperature up to 200-m depth. The upper ocean warms uniformly by ~ 1 °C during the active phase as compared to the break phase in the entire BoB. The presence of a thin warm layer below the maximum rain band creates an environment conducive to sustaining the active phase on the ISO time scale. A positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly along with upper ocean warming ahead of a rain band in the north BoB in association with lower and mid-tropospheric moistening sets a precondition for the northward movement of the rain band. The anomalous warming (cooling) in the thermocline is associated with deeper (shallower) thermocline depth [23° isotherms (D23)] and coincides with the mixed-layer warming.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Director, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). The research described in this paper was begun while the first author was in Prof. Debasis Sengupta’s group at CAOS, IISc but carried out and completed at INCOIS. This research work was supported by INCOIS. My sincere thanks to Prof. Debasis Sengupta for his encouragement and fruitful discussion to complete this work. The TropFlux data are obtained from http://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/~tropflux/data/daily. The authors thank the data set producer for the free access of these data sets. The AMSR-E sea surface data were obtained from http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/. The daily sea level data are provided by the AVISO project (www.aviso.oceanobs.com). This is INCOIS contribution number 341. This is NCPOR Contribution number J-14/2019-20.

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  1. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Hyderabad, India

    Hasibur Rahaman & M. Ravichandran

  2. National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, 403804, India

    M. Ravichandran

  3. Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (CAOS), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, 560012, India

    G. N. Bharath Raj

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Rahaman, H., Bharath Raj, G.N. & Ravichandran, M. Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Bay of Bengal. Pure Appl. Geophys. 176, 5415–5429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02275-4

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