Abstract
The hysteresis characteristics of ferromagnetic materials have significant effects on the performance and loss of electrical devices and components. Studies have shown that the hysteresis loop changes significantly with the increase of frequency, which becomes an important factor in electrical designing and operating. In order to provide a reasonable explanation and analysis method for the variation of dynamic hysteresis loops in the wide frequency range, experimental measurements and theoretical simulations are carried out. In this paper, the change of the hysteresis loop shape caused by the increase of frequency is attributed to eddy currents in the sample, so only the static hysteresis loop is the real reflection of the material characteristics, at which frequency the eddy current effect can be ignored. In order to verify this conjecture, the static hysteresis loops and the dynamic hysteresis loops in the range of 20 Hz ~ 1000 Hz were measured for the annular sample made of 20# steel and B35A300 non-oriented silicon steel sheet. Then, based on the static hysteresis loops of their own, the finite-difference time-domain method was used to solve Maxwell equations at different frequencies to obtain the magnetic field distribution in the sample. The average magnetic induction intensity was used to get the hysteresis loops. The calculated curves are found in good agreement with the measured ones, which indicates that the loop swelling-up is due to the inaccuracy of the measurement principle, and frequency has no effect on the hysteresis characteristics of 20# steel and B35A300 non-oriented silicon steel sheet at least in the frequency range below 1 kHz.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zhi, Z.G., Bi, Z.L.: Improvement and verification of ferromagnetic material loss model under sinusoidal and harmonic excitation. Proc. CSEE 42(09), 2452–3460 (2022). (in Chinese)
Sun, H., Li, Y.J., Liu, H., Wan, Z.Y.: The calculation method of nanocrystalline core loss under non-sinusoidal excitation and experimental verification. Trans. China Electrotechnical Soc. 37(04), 827–836 (2022). (in Chinese)
Zhao, B., Song, Q., Liu, W.H., et al.: Overview of dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter for high-frequency-link power-conversion system. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 29(8), 4091–4106 (2014)
Liu, R., Li, L., Qiao, G.Y., **, Y.J., Li, Y.L.: Calculation method of magnetic material losses under non-sinusoidal excitation considering the biased minor loops. Proc. CSEE 40(19), 6013–6093 (2022). (in Chinese)
Zhi, Z.G., Lin, Q.M., Ji, J.A., Ma, X.W.: Wideband loss separation models of ferromagnetic materials considering skin effect. Proc. CSEE 42(14), 5374–5383 (2022). (in Chinese)
De, B.O., Ragusa, C., Appino, C., et al.: Prediction of energy losses in soft magnetic materials under arbitrary induction waveforms and DC bias. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64(3), 2522–2529 (2017)
Li, Y.J., Li, Y.T., Lin, Z.W., Cheng, Z.G., Tian, Y.K., Chen, R.Y.: An improved bouc-wen based hysteresis model under harmonic magnetization. Trans. China Electrotechnical Soc. 37(17), 4259–4268 (2022). (in Chinese)
Zhi, Z.G., Ma, X.W., Ji, J.A.: Simulation and verification on hysteresis characteristics of electrical steel under sinusoidal and DC bias conditions considering frequency effects. Proc. CSEE 41(23), 8178–8187 (2021). (in Chinese)
Raulet, M.A., Ducharne, B., Masson, J.P., et al.: The magnetic field diffusion equation including dynamic hysteresis: a linear formulation of the problem. IEEE Trans. Magn. 40(2), 872–875 (2004)
De, B.O., Ragusa, C., Appino, C., et al.: A computationally effective dynamic hysteresis model taking into account skin effect in magnetic laminations. Physica B 435(1), 80–83 (2014)
Beatrice, C., Appino, C., De, B.O., et al.: Broadband magnetic losses in Fe-Si and Fe-Co laminations. IEEE Trans. Magn. 50(4), 1–4 (2014)
Mayergoyz, I.D.: Mathematical models of hysteresis. IEEE Trans. Magn. 22(5), 603–608 (1986)
Bertotti, G.: Dynamic generalization of the scalar preisach model of hysteresis. IEEE Trans. Magn. 28(5), 2599–2601 (1992)
Zhao, Z.G., Li, X.X., Ji, J.A., Wei, L., Wen, T.: Simulation of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets based on preisach model. High Vol. Eng. 45(12), 4038–4046 (2019). (in Chinese)
Zhao, Z.G., Zhang, P., Ma, X.W., Hu, X.J., Xu, M.: Simulation of magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets based on improved preisach model. High Volt. Eng. 47(06), 2149–2157 (2021). (in Chinese)
Jiles, D., Atherton, D.: Ferromagnetic Hysteresis. IEEE Trans. Magnetics 19(5), 2183–2185 (1983)
Zhi, Z.G., Ma, X.W., Ji, J.A.: Parameter identification and verification of J-A dynamic hysteresis model based on hybrid algorithms of AFSA and PSO. Chin. J. Sci. Instrum. 41(01), 26–34 (2020). (in Chinese)
Hauser, H.: Energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis. J. Appl. Phys. 75(5), 2584–2597 (1994)
Hauser, H.: Energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis 2: magnetization calculations of (110) [001] fesi sheets by statistic domain behavior. J. Appl. Phys. 77(6), 2625–2633 (1995)
Hauser, H.: Energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis: isotropic magnetization. J. Appl. Phys. 96(5), 2753–2767 (2004)
Liu, R., Li, L.: A dynamic energetic hysteresis model based on the field separation approach and statistical theory of losses. Proc. CSEE 39(21), 6412–6419 (2019). (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11775088).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yubo, Z., Tianyi, L., Zhenyu, L., Dong, L., Dezhi, C. (2023). Numerical Investigation on Frequency Dependence of Hysteresis Characteristics of Conducting Ferromagnetic Materials. In: Ma, C., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Zhao, L., Liu, M., Zhang, P. (eds) The Proceedings of 2022 International Conference on Wireless Power Transfer (ICWPT2022). ICWPT 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1018. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0631-4_106
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0631-4_106
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0630-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0631-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)