Abstract
The polymeric micelles are the colloidal nanostructures composed of amphiphilic copolymers (having two functional blocks, namely hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks), having a core-shell framework proven as if one of the most efficient carriers for drugs and nucleic acids. The three major pillars for preferring this versatile group of drug carriers are their capability to cater hydrophobic drug candidates, biocompatibility, and in vivo stability. Other functional advantages of these nanostructures are their capability to self-assemble and potential to respond to certain physical, chemical, and biological stimuli like temperature, light, pH, and enzyme. Several efforts have been made to change the polymeric micelles, focusing their longevity or stability and targeting strategies—regarded as important for passive targeting of drugs carried by or dissolved using the micelles. On the other hand, the structural modification in the micellar surface using a variety of ligands has been tried to focus selective targeting or the intracellular drug delivery, thus allowing these nanostructured micelles to respond to a variety of stimuli (both intrinsic and extrinsic) for the predetermined or triggered drug release at the target site. Therefore, these nano-carriers may be explored further for designing new generation drug carriers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abouzeid AH, Patel NR, Rachman IM, Senn S, Torchilin VP (2013) Anticancer activity of anti-GLUT1 antibody-targeted polymeric micelles co-loaded with curcumin and doxorubicin. J Drug Target 21(10):994–1000. https://doi.org/10.3109/1061186X.2013.840639
Adams ML, Lavasanifar A, Kwon GS (2003) Amphiphilic block copolymers for drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 92(7):1343–1355. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.10397
Alexandridis P, Lindman B (2000) Amphiphilic block copolymers. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Alexandridis P, Spontak RJ (1999) Solvent-regulated ordering in block copolymers. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 4(2):130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-0294(99)00022-9
Aliabadi HM, Elhasi S, Mahmud A, Gulamhusein R, Mahdipoor P, Lavasanifar A (2007) Encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs in polymeric micelles through co-solvent evaporation: the effect of solvent composition on micellar properties and drug loading. Int J Pharm 329(1–2):158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.018
Allen TM (2002) Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2(10):750–763. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc903
Bae YH, Huh KM, Kim Y, Park KH (2000) Biodegradable amphiphilic multiblock copolymers and their implications for biomedical applications. J Control Release 64(1–3):3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00126-1
Bae Y, Fukushima S, Harada A, Kataoka K (2003) Design of environment-sensitive supramolecular assemblies for intracellular drug delivery: polymeric micelles that are responsive to intracellular pH change. Angew Chem Int Ed 115(38):4788–4791
Bas S, Soucek MD (2012) Synthesis, characterization and properties of amphiphilic block copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym J 44(11):1087–1097. https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2012.86
Benahmed A, Ranger M, Leroux JC (2001) Novel polymeric micelles based on the amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(Nvinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-block-poly(D,L-lactide). Pharm Res 18(3):323–328. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011054930439
Bendejacq DD, Ponsinet V (2008) Double-polyelectrolyte, like-charged amphiphilic diblock copolymers: swollen structures and pH- and salt-dependent lyotropic behavior. J Phys Chem B 112(27):7996–8009. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp712015h
Bendejacq DD, Ponsinet V, Joanicot M (2005) Chemically tuned amphiphilic diblock copolymers dispersed in water: from colloids to soluble macromolecules. Langmuir 21(5):1712–1718. https://doi.org/10.1021/la048983r
Blanazs A, Armes SP, Ryan AJ (2009) Self-assembled block copolymer aggregates: from micelles to vesicles and their biological applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 30(4–5):267–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200800713
Boneberg J, Habenicht A, Benner D, Leiderer P, Trautvetter M, Pfahler C, Plettl A, Ziemann P (2008) Jum** nanodroplets: a new route towards metallic nano-particles. Appl Phys A 93(2):415–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-008-4780-z
Borisova O, Billon L, Zaremski M, Grassl B, Bakaeva Z, Lapp A, Stepanek P, Borisov O (2011) pH-triggered reversible sol–gel transition in aqueous solutions of amphiphilic gradient copolymers. Soft Matter 7(22):10824–10833. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06600e
Borisova O, Billon L, Zaremski M, Grassl B, Bakaeva Z, Lapp A, Stepanek P, Borisov O (2012) Synthesis and pH- and salinity-controlled self-assembly of novel amphiphilic block-gradient copolymers of styrene and acrylic acid. Soft Matter 8(29):7649. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm25625h
Bruno A (2010) Controlled radical (Co)polymerization of fluoromonomers. Macromolecules 43(24):10163–10184. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma1019297
Bruns N, Scherble J, Hartmann L, Thomann R, Iván B, Mülhaupt R, Tiller JC (2005) Nanophase separated amphiphilic conetwork coatings and membranes. Macromolecules 38(6):2431–2438. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma047302w
Cabral H, Miyata K, Osada K, Kataoka K (2018) Block copolymer micelles in nanomedicine applications. Chem Rev 118(14):6844–6892. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199
Chakrabarty A, Singha NK (2013) Tailor-made polyfluoroacrylate and its block copolymer by RAFT polymerization in miniemulsion; improved hydrophobicity in the core-shell block copolymer. J Colloid Interface Sci 408:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.031
Chen YH, Yang CP (1994) Coemulsion and electrodeposition properties of mixtures of cationic epoxy resin and cationic acrylic resin containing blocked-isocyanate groups. J Appl Polym Sci 51(9):1539–1547. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510903
Chiefari J, Chong YK, Ercole F, Krstina J, Jeffery J, Le TPT, Mayadunne RTA, Meijs GF, Moad CL, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH (1998) Living free-radical polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer: the RAFT process. Macromolecules 31(16):5559–5562. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9804951
Chu Z, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhang C, Fang CY, Rehor I, Cigler P, Chang HC, Lin G, Liu R, Li Q (2014) Unambiguous observation of shape effects on cellular fate of nanoparticles. Sci Rep 4:4495. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04495
Clemons TD, Singh R, Sorolla A, Chaudhari N, Hubbard A, Iyer KS (2018) Distinction between active and passive targeting of nanoparticles dictate their overall therapeutic efficacy. Langmuir 34(50):15343–15349. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02946
Csáki A, Maubach G, Born D, Reichert J, Fritzsche W (2002) DNA-based molecular nanotechnology. Single Mol 3(5–6):275–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-5171(200211)3:5/6<275::AID-SIMO275>3.0.CO;2-0
Danhier F, Feron O, Préat V (2010) To exploit the tumor microenvironment: passive and active tumor targeting of nanocarriers for anti-cancer drug delivery. J Control Release 148(2):135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.08.027
Derry MJ, Fielding LA, Armes SP (2016) Polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT non-aqueous dispersion polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 52:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.002
Discher DE, Eisenberg A (2002) Polymer vesicles. Science 297(5583):967–973. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1074972
Dutertre F, Boyron O, Charleux B, Chassenieux C, Colombani O (2012) Transforming frozen self-assemblies of amphiphilic block copolymers into dynamic pH-sensitive micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 33(9):753–759. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201200078
Elias DR, Poloukhtine A, Popik V, Tsourkas A (2013) Effect of ligand density, receptor density, and nanoparticle size on cell targeting. Nanomedicine 9(2):194–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2012.05.015
Ergin M, Kiskan B, Gacal B, Yagci Y (2007) Thermally curable polystyrene via click chemistry. Macromolecules 40(13):4724–4727. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma070549j
Fairbanks BD, Gunatillake PA, Meagher L (2015) Biomedical applications of polymers derived by reversible addition—fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT). Adv Drug Deliv Rev 91:141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.016
Ferguson CJ, Hughes RJ, Pham BTT, Hawkett BS, Gilbert RG, Serelis AK, Such CH (2002) Effective ab initio emulsion polymerization under RAFT control. Macromolecules 35(25):9243–9245. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma025626j
Förster S, Antonietti M (1998) Amphiphilic block copolymers in structure-controlled nanomaterial hybrids. Adv Mater 10(3):195–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199802)10:3<195::AID-ADMA195>3.0.CO;2-V
Francis MF, Lavoie L, Winnik FM, Leroux JC (2003) Solubilization of cyclosporin A in dextran-g-polyethyleneglycolalkyl ether polymeric micelles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 56(3):337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00111-5
Gohy JF (2005) Block copolymer micelles. Adv Polym Sci 190:65–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/12_048
Goli KK, Rojas OJ, Genzer J (2012) Formation and antifouling properties of amphiphilic coatings on polypropylene fibers. Biomacromolecules 13(11):3769–3779. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm301223b
Hadgiivanova R, Diamant H, Andelman D (2011) Kinetics of surfactant micellization: a free energy approach. J Phys Chem B 115(22):7268–7280. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1073335
Hahn J, Webber SE (2003) Graphoepitaxy control of the deposition of cationic polymer micelles on SiO2 surfaces. Langmuir 19(8):3098–3102. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0268911
Hahn J, Webber SE (2004) Graphoepitaxial deposition of cationic polymer micelles on patterned SiO2 surfaces. Langmuir 20(4):1489–1494. https://doi.org/10.1021/la035950n
Halperin A (2011) On micellar exchange: the role of the insertion penalty. Macromolecules 44(13):5072–5074. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma200811x
Halperin A, Alexander S (1989) Polymeric micelles: their relaxation kinetics. Macromolecules 22(5):2403–2412. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a069
Ham M-K, HoYouk J, Kwon Y, Kwark Y et al (2012) Photoinitiated RAFT polymerization of vinyl acetate. J Poly Sci A Poly Chem 50(12):2389–2397. https://doi.org/10.1002/pola.26014
Hamad I, Hunter AC, Szebeni J, Moghimi SM (2008) Poly(ethylene glycol)s generate complement activation products in human serum through increased alternative pathway turnover and a MASP-2-dependent process. Mol Immunol 46(2):225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.276
Hamley IW (2005) Nanoshells and nanotubes from block copolymers. Soft Matter 1(1):36–43. https://doi.org/10.1039/b418226j
Harada A, Kataoka K (1995) Formation of polyion complex micelles in an aqueous milieu from a pair of oppositely charged block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) segments. Macromolecules 28(15):5294–5299. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00119a019
Harada A, Kataoka K (1999) Chain length recognition: core-shell supramolecular assembly from oppositely charged block copolymers. Science 283(5398):65–67. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5398.65
Hatakeyama H, Akita H, Harashima H (2013) The polyethyleneglycol dilemma: advantage and disadvantage of pegylation of liposomes for systemic genes and nucleic acids delivery to tumors. Biol Pharm Bull 36(6):892–899. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00059
Hayward RC, Pochan DJ (2010) Tailored assemblies of block copolymers in solution: it is all about the process. Macromolecules 43(8):3577–3584. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9026806
Hickok RS, Wedge SA, Hansen AL, Morris KF, Billiot FH, Warner IM (2002) Pulsed field gradient NMR investigation of solubilization equilibria in amino acid and dipeptide terminated micellar and polymeric surfactant solutions. Magn Reson Chem 40(12):755–761. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1099
Hill RM (2002) In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of physical science and technology, 3rd edn. Academic, New York, p 14. p. 40
Huang D, Wang Y, Yang F, Shen H, Weng Z, Wu D (2017) Charge-reversible and pH-responsive biodegradable micelles and vesicles from linear-dendritic supramolecular amphiphiles for anticancer drug delivery. Polym Chem 8(43):6675–6687. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY01556A
Inoue T, Chen G, Nakamae K, Hoffman AS (1998) An AB block copolymer of oligo(methyl methacrylate) and poly(acrylic acid) for micellar delivery of hydrophobic drags. J Control Release 51(2–3):221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00172-7
Ishii T, Miyata K, Anraku Y, Naito M, Yi Y, **bo T, Takae S, Fukusato Y, Hori M, Osada K, Kataoka K (2016) Enhanced target recognition of nanoparticles by cocktail pegylation with chains of varying lengths. Chem Commun 52(7):1517–1519. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc06661a
Israelachvili J (2011) Intermolecular and surface forces. Academic, New York. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-05119-0
Jain S, Bates FS (2004) Consequences of nonergodicity in aqueous binary PEO−PB micellar dispersions. Macromolecules 37(4):1511–1523. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035467j
Jette KK, Law D, Schmitt EA, Kwon GS (2004) Preparation and drug loading of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(-caprolactone) micelles through the evaporation of a cosolvent azeotrope. Pharm Res 21(7):1184–1191. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:pham.0000033005.25698.9c
Jhaveri AM, Torchilin VP (2014) Multifunctional polymeric micelles for delivery of drugs and siRNA. Front Pharmacol 5:article 77. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2014.00077
Jiang J, Zhang X, Fan Z, Du J (2019) Ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride-induced self-assembly for fabricating biodegradable polymer vesicles. ACS Macro Lett 8(10):1216–1221. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00606
**dal AB (2017) The effect of particle shape on cellular interaction and drug delivery applications of micro- and nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 532(1):450–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.028
Joint MHLW/EMA (n.d.) Joint MHLW/EMA reflection paper on the development of block copolymer micelle medicinal products. Ema/CHMP/13099/2013
Jones MC, Leroux JC (1999) Polymeric micelles a new generation of colloidal drug carriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 48(2):101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(99)00039-9
Kabanov AV, Batrakova EV, Alakhov VY (2002) Pluronic block copolymers as novel polymer therapeutics for drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 82(2–3):189–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00009-3
Kakizawa Y, Kataoka K (2002) Block copolymer micelles for delivery of gene and related compounds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 54(2):203–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00017-0
Kataoka K, Harada A, Nagasaki Y (2001) Block copolymer micelles for drug delivery: design, characterization and biological significance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 47(1):113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00124-1
Kato M, Kamigaito M, Sawamoto M, Higashimura T (1995) Polymerization of methyl-methacrylate with the carbon-tetrachloride dichloro-tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (II). Macromolecules 28(5):1721–1723. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00109a056
Kita-Tokarczyk K, Grumelard J, Haefele T, Meier W (2005) Block copolymer vesicles—using concepts from polymer chemistry to mimic biomembranes. Polymer 46(11):3540–3563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.083
Kolb HC, Finn MG, Sharpless KB (2001) Click chemistry: diverse chemical function from a few good reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 40(11):2004–2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20010601)40:11<2004::AID-ANIE2004>3.0.CO;2-5
Küçükoğlu E, Acar I, İyim TB, Özgümüş S (2007) A novel type of Si-containing acrylic resins: synthesis, characterization, and film properties. J Appl Polym Sci 104(5):3324–3331. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25942
Kulthe SS, Choudhari YM, Inamdar NN, Mourya V (2012) Polymeric micelles: authoritative aspects for drug delivery. Des Monomers Polym 15(5):465–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/1385772X.2012.688328
Kumar A (2021) A comprehensive review on polymeric micelles: a promising drug delivery carrier. J Anal Pharm Res 10(3):102–107. https://doi.org/10.15406/japlr.2021.10.00372
Kuperkar K, Patel D, Atanase LI, Bahadur P (2022) Amphiphilic block copolymers: their structures, and self-assembly to polymeric micelles and polymersomes as drug delivery vehicles. Polymers 14(21):4702. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214702
Laruelle G, François J, Billon L (2004) Self-assembly in water of poly(acrylic acid)-based diblock copolymers synthesized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 25(21):1839–1844. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.200400315
Lazzari M, Liu G, Sébastien L (2006a) Block copolymers in nanoscience. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610570
Lazzari M, Liu G, Lecommandoux S (2006b) Block copolymers in nanoscience: block copolymers in nanoscience, 391. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Lejeune E, Drechsler M, Jestin J, Müller AHE, Chassenieux C, Colombani O (2010) Amphiphilic diblock copolymers with a moderately hydrophobic block: toward dynamic micelles. Macromolecules 43(6):2667–2671. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma902822g
Liu Y, Lee JY, Kang ET, Wang P, Tan KL (2001) Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical transport properties of the poly(ethyleneglycol)-grafted poly(vinylidenefluoride) nanoporous membranes. React Funct Polym 47(3):201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(01)00030-X
Liu J, Weller GE, Zern B, Ayyaswamy PS, Eckmann DM, Muzykantov VR, Radhakrishnan R (2010) Computational model for nanocarrier binding to endothelium validated using in vivo, in vitro, and atomic force microscopy experiments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(38):16530–16535. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006611107
Low PS, Henne WA, Doorneweerd DD (2008) Discovery and development of folic-acid-based receptor targeting for imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Acc Chem Res 41(1):120–129. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar7000815
Lund R, Willner L, Richter D, Dormidontova EE (2006) Equilibrium chain exchange kinetics of diblock copolymer micelles: tuning and logarithmic relaxation. Macromolecules 39(13):4566–4575. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma060328y
Mai Y, Eisenberg A (2012) Self-assembly of block copolymers. Chem Soc Rev 41(18):5969–5985. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35115c
Malmsten M (2002) Micelles. In: Surfactants and polymers in drug delivery. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 19–50. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780824743758.ch2
Miura Y, Takenaka T, Toh K, Wu S, Nishihara H, Kano MR, Ino Y, Nomoto T, Matsumoto Y, Koyama H, Cabral H, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K (2013) Cyclic RGD-linked polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of platinum anticancer drugs to glioblastoma through the blood−brain tumor barrier. ACS Nano 7(10):8583–8592. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn402662d
Miyamoto M, Sawamoto M, Higashimura T (1984) Living polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether with hydrogen iodide/iodine initiating system. Macromolecules 17(3):265–268. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00133a001
Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH (2005) Living radical polymerization by the RAFT process. Aust J Chem 58(6):379–410. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH05072
Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH (2012) Living radical polymerization by the RAFT process—a third update. Aust J Chem 65(8):985–1076. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH12295
Moroi Y (1992) Dissolution of amphiphiles. In: Moroi Y (ed) Micelles. Plenum Press, New York, pp 25–40
Mühlebach A, Gaynor SG, Matyjaszewski K (1998) Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Macromolecules 31(18):6046–6052. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9804747
Müller J, Sönnichsen C, von Poschinger H, von Plessen G, Klar TA, Feldmann J (2002) Electrically controlled light scattering with single metal nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett 81(1):171–173. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1491003
Nicolai T, Colombani O, Chassenieux C (2010) Dynamic polymeric micelles versus frozen nanoparticles formed by block copolymers. Soft Matter 6(14):3111–3118. https://doi.org/10.1039/b925666k
Nyrkova IA, Semenov AN (2005) On the theory of micellization kinetics. Macromol Theory Simulat 14(9):569–585. https://doi.org/10.1002/mats.200500010
Patterson JP, Robin MP, Chassenieux C, Colombani O, O’Reilly RK (2014) The analysis of solution self-assembled polymeric nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 43(8):2412–2425. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60454c
Pellice SA, Fasce DP, Williams RJJ (2007) Development of a bilayer coating to improve the adhesion between stainless steel and in situ-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 105(4):2351–2356. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26339
Penfold NJW, Yeow J, Boyer C, Armes SP (2019) Emerging trends in polymerization-induced self-assembly. ACS Macro Lett 8(8):1029–1054. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00464
Pike DQ, Müller M, De Pablo JJ (2011) Monte-Carlo simulation of ternary blends of block copolymers and homopolymers. J Chem Phys 135(11):114904. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3638175
Rangel-Yagui CO, Pessoa A, Tavares LC (2005) Micellar solubilization of drugs. J Pharm Pharm Sci 8(2):147–165
Raveendran R, Mullen KM, Wellard RM, Sharma CP, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR (2017) Poly(2-oxazoline) block copolymer nanoparticles for curcumin loading and delivery to cancer cells. Eur Polym J 93:682–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.043
Remant Bahadur KC, Bhattarai SR, Aryal S, Khil MS, Dharmaraj N, Kim HY (2007) Novel amphiphilic triblock copolymer based on PPDO, PCL, and PEG: synthesis, characterization, and aqueous dispersion. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 292(1):69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.06.009
Rezaei SJT, Nabid MR, Niknejad H, Entezami AA (2012) Folate-decorated thermoresponsive micelles based on star-shaped amphiphilic block copolymers for efficient intracellular release of anticancer drugs. Int J Pharm 437(1–2):70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.069
Rijcken CJF, Soga O, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CFV (2007) Triggered destabilisation of polymeric micelles and vesicles by changing polymers polarity: an attractive tool for drug delivery. J Control Release 120(3):131–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.023
Rizzardo E, Solomon DH (2012) On the origins of nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Aust J Chem 65(8):945–969. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH12194
Rostovtsev VV, Green LG, Fokin VV, Sharpless KB (2002) A stepwise huisgen cycloaddition process: copper(I)-catalyzed regioselective ligation of azides and terminal alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 41(14):2596–2599. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20020715)41:14<2596::AID-ANIE2596>3.0.CO;2-4
Ruzette AV, Leibler L (2005) Block copolymers in tomorrow’s plastics. Nat Mater 4(1):19–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1295
Salatin S, Maleki Dizaj S, Yari Khosroushahi A (2015) Effect of the surface modification, size, and shape on cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Cell Biol Int 39(8):881–890. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10459
Schrock RR (1990) Living ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyzed by well-characterized transition-metal alkylidene complexes. Acc Chem Res 23(5):158–165. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00173a007
Segalman RA, Hexemer A, Kramer EJ (2003a) Edge effects on the order and freezing of a 2D array of block copolymer spheres. Phys Rev Lett 91(19):196101. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.196101
Segalman RA, Hexemer A, Hayward RC, Kramer EJ (2003b) Ordering and melting of block copolymer spherical domains in 2 and 3 dimensions. Macromolecules 36(9):3272–3288. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma021367m
Shedge A, Colombani O, Nicolai T, Chassenieux C (2014) Charge dependent dynamics of transient networks and hydrogels formed by self-assembled pH-sensitive triblock copolyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 47(7):2439–2444. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma500318m
Shen X, Cao S, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Ye Z (2019) Amphiphilic TEMPO-functionalized block copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly and redox-responsive disassembly behavior, and potential application in triggered drug delivery. ACS Appl Poly Mater 1(9):2282–2290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00293
Shipway AN, Katz E, Willner I (2000) Nanoparticle arrays on surfaces for electronic, optical, and sensor applications. ChemPhysChem 1(1):18–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20000804)1:1<18::AID-CPHC18>3.0.CO;2-L
Smart T, Lomas H, Massignani M, Flores-Merino MV, Perez LR, Battaglia G (2008) Block copolymer nanostructures. Nano Today 3(3–4):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1748-0132(08)70043-4
Solomatin SV, Bronich TK, Bargar TW, Eisenberg A, Kabanov VA, Kabanov AV (2003) Environmentally responsive nanoparticles from block ionomer complexes: effects of pH and ionic strength. Langmuir 19(19):8069–8076. https://doi.org/10.1021/la030015l
Spatz JP, Moessmer S, Moeller M, Herzog T, Plettl A, Ziemann P (1998) Functional nanostructures by organized macromolecular-metallic hybrid systems. J Lumin 76–77:168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2313(97)00144-0
Stejskal J, Hlavatá D, Sikora A, Konňák Č, Pleštil J, Kratochvíl P (1992) Equilibrium and non-equilibrium copolymer micelles: polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene-co-propylene) in decane and in diisopropylether. Polymer 33(17):3675–3685. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90655-G
Tan J, Rao X, Yang J, Zeng Z (2015) Monodisperse highly cross-linked “living” microspheres prepared via photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization. RSC Adv 5(24):18922–18931. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA15224G
Torchilin VP (2006) Multifunctional nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58:1532–1555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.009
Trubetskoy VS, Torchilin VP (1996) Polyethylene glycol-based micelles as carriers for delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. STP Pharma Sci 6:79–86
Tsitsilianis C, Gotzamanis G, Iatridi Z (2011) Design of “smart” segmented polymers by incorporating random copolymers as building blocks. Eur Polym J 47(4):497–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.10.005
von Gottberg FK, Smith KA, Hatton TA (1998) Dynamics of self-assembled surfactant systems. J Chem Phys 108(5):2232–2244. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.475604
Wang P, Tan KL, Kang ET (2000) Surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films via grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) for reduction in protein adsorption. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 11(2):169–186. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856200743634
Wang SF, Lu LC, Gruetzmacher JA, Currier BL, Yaszemski MJ (2005) A biodegradable and cross-linkable multiblock copolymer consisting of poly(propylene fumarate) and poly(e-caprolactone): synthesis, characterization, and physical properties. Macromolecules 38(17):7358–7370. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma050884c
Wiley DT, Webster P, Gale A, Davis ME (2013) Transcytosis and brain uptake of transferrin-containing nanoparticles by tuning avidity to transferrin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(21):8662–8667. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307152110
Wright DB, Patterson JP, Pitto-Barry A, Cotanda P, Chassenieux C, Colombani O, O’Reilly RK (2015) Tuning the aggregation behavior of pH-responsive micelles by copolymerization. Polym Chem 6(14):2761–2768. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4PY01782J
Wright DB, Patterson JP, Gianneschi NC, Chassenieux C, Colombani O, O’Reilly RK (2016) Blending block copolymer micelles in solution; obstacles of blending. Polym Chem 7(8):1577–1583. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5PY02006A
Wright DB, Thompson MP, Touve MA, Carlini AS, Gianneschi NC (2019) Enzyme-responsive polymer nanoparticles via ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 40(2):e1800467. https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800467
Xu J, Bohnsack DA, Mackay ME, Wooley KL (2007) Unusual mechanical performance of amphiphilic crosslinked polymer networks. J Am Chem Soc 129(3):506–507. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja067986i
Xu F, Li H, Luo YL, Tang W (2017) Redox-responsive self-assembly micelles from poly(N-acryloylmorpholine-block-2-acryloyloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) amphiphilic block copolymers as drug release carriers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(6):5181–5192. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b16017
Yadav S, Sharma AK, Kumar P (2020) Nanoscale self-assembly for therapeutic delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:127. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00127
Yokoyama M (2011) Clinical applications of polymeric micelle carrier systems in chemotherapy and image diagnosis of solid tumors. J Exp Clin Med 3(4):151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecm.2011.06.002
Yokoyama H, Mates TE, Kramer EJ (2000) Structure of asymmetric diblock copolymers in thin films. Macromolecules 33(5):1888–1898. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9912047
Yoncheva K, Calleja P, Agüeros M, Petrov P, Miladinova I, Tsvetanov C, Irache JM (2012) Stabilized micelles as delivery vehicles for paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 436(1–2):258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.030
Yu M, Huang S, Yu KJ, Clyne AM (2012) Dextran and polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating reduce both 5 and 30 nm iron oxide nanoparticle cytotoxicity in 2D and 3-D cell culture. Int J Mol Sci 13(5):5554–5570. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13055554
Yue J, Li X, Mo G, Wang R, Huang Y, **g X (2010) Modular functionalization of amphiphilic block copolymers via radical-mediated thiol-ene reaction. Macromolecules 43(23):9645–9654. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101960d
Yun J, Faust R, Szilágyi LS, Kéki S, Zsuga M (2003) Effect of architecture on the micellar properties of amphiphilic block copolymers: comparison of AB linear diblock, A1A2B, and A2B heteroarm star block copolymers. Macromolecules 36(5):1717–1723. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma021618r
Zana R (2005) Introduction to surfactants and surfactant self-assemblies. In: Zana R (ed) Dynamics of surfactant self-assemblies micelles, microemulsions, vesicles, and lyotropic phases. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia, PA, pp 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420028225.ch1
Zhang L, Shen H, Eisenberg A (1997) Phase separation behavior and crew-cut micelle formation of polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers in solutions. Macromolecules 30(4):1001–1011. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma961413g
Zhao XK, McCormick LD (1992) Oriented crystal particles of semiconductor PbS on Langmuir monolayer surfaces. Appl Phys Lett 61(7):849–851. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.107765
Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ran F, Cui Y, Liu C, Zhao Q, Gao Y, Wang D, Wang S (2017a) A comparison between sphere and rod nanoparticles regarding their in vivo biological behavior and pharmacokinetics. Sci Rep 7:4131
Zhao J, Lu H, Wong S, Lu M, **ao P, Stenzel MH (2017b) Influence of nanoparticle shapes on cellular uptake of paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles in 2D and 3-D cancer models. Polym Chem 8(21):3317–3326. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00385D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arora, V., Bhandari, D.D., Puri, R., Khatri, N., Dureja, H. (2023). Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Functional Chemistry of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. In: Singh, S.K., Gulati, M., Mutalik, S., Dhanasekaran, M., Dua, K. (eds) Polymeric Micelles: Principles, Perspectives and Practices. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0361-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0361-0_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-0360-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-0361-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)