Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous and can associate to colonize plants and exhibits different modes of interactions. Plant beneficial microbes could colonize both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere to promote the various aspect of plant growth and other various compartments in plants. These beneficial microbes are generally called plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs), they can become an excellent alternative to remove or reduce the use of various toxic agrochemicals including synthetic chemical fertilizers and biocides. The association of PGPMs provides nutrients, protection against pathogens as well as various environmental stress responses either direct or indirect mechanisms. The soil and rhizosphere microbes beneficially associate either the root surface or phyllosphere region of the plant and influence the growth and health fitness of crops. Some microbes directly interact with the plant to develop a symbiotic relationship (e.g., Rhizobium, mycorrhizal fungi), and few can interact at the surface of the root with either associative symbiosis (Azospirillum) or nonsymbiotic beneficial interactions such as nutrient acquisition, solubilization, and translocation of minerals and water, vitamin and growth hormone synthesis, mineralization of soil organic residues, inhibits harmful pathogens and nematodes, production of iron siderophores to chelate ions, and provide induced resistance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter describes the basic beneficial microbial interactions on the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and their beneficial effects on the host for sustainable agriculture, specifically, bacterial nodulation, mycorrhizal infection, microbial endophytes, development of bioinoculums, and their benefits to the plant. Further, the functions of beneficial microbes to the plants and the soil have been discussed. Besides, rhizosphere microbiome engineering and its role in sustainable agriculture have been also discussed.
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Natesan, S., Rajaram, S., Manoharan, D., Ramachandran, T. (2023). The Beneficial Plant Microbial Association for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Chhabra, S., Prasad, R., Maddela, N.R., Tuteja, N. (eds) Plant Microbiome for Plant Productivity and Sustainable Agriculture . Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 37. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5029-2_7
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