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Efficient Biogas Production Through Syntrophic Microbial Partnerships in the Presence of Conductive Materials in Anaerobic Digesters Treating Organic Waste Streams: A Critical Assessment

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Anaerobic Biodigesters for Human Waste Treatment

Part of the book series: Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology ((EMB))

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Abstract

The limited availability of resources is nowadays the main driving force of changing our societal focus from conventional waste treatment and disposal toward resource recovery from organic waste streams. One possibility for wastewater treatment that generates net energy is anaerobic digestion (AD), where microorganisms break down complex organic matter anaerobically into a variety of volatile organic acids, which are subsequently converted into biogas mainly methane (CH4) by methanogens. Since methanogens can only consume mono- and/or di-carbon organic compounds, such as acetate, they have to build syntrophic partnerships with other microorganisms (e.g., fermenting bacteria) for CH4 production from more complex substrates, including food wastewater. These syntrophic partnerships involve interspecies electron transfer via electron carriers, where methanogens use H2 and/or formate as electron shuttles to scavenge electrons from bacterial electron donors to bacterial electron acceptors, which results in the reduction of CO2 to methane. However, recent studies suggested that a specific type of electroactive bacteria could use the advantage of conductive materials to transfer electrons directly to methanogens without the need for the indirect H2/formate pathway. This unique intercellular electron transfer route—which is known as “direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET)”—allows more efficient CH4 production from organic matter in a metabolically and thermodynamically more efficient manner, enabling higher CH4 production rate and shorter start-up time. This book chapter will provide a critical assessment of the DIET mechanism driven by conductive materials that enable value-added resource recovery from different types of organic waste streams, their current limitations, and their potential scaling-up opportunities.

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Acknowledgment

We thank the National Research Centre for providing the funding for this work (project # TT110803).

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  1. Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed Mahmoud & Mohamed El-Qelish

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  1. Mohamed Mahmoud
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  2. Mohamed El-Qelish
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Correspondence to Mohamed Mahmoud .

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  1. Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Mukesh Kumar Meghvansi

  2. Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence R&D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

    A. K. Goel

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Mahmoud, M., El-Qelish, M. (2022). Efficient Biogas Production Through Syntrophic Microbial Partnerships in the Presence of Conductive Materials in Anaerobic Digesters Treating Organic Waste Streams: A Critical Assessment. In: Meghvansi, M.K., Goel, A.K. (eds) Anaerobic Biodigesters for Human Waste Treatment. Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4921-0_13

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