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Experimental Study of Sand-Water Coaxial Jets with Low Velocity Ratio

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Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2021 (CSCE 2021)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ((LNCE,volume 250))

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Abstract

A series of detailed laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of low-velocity ratios on the particle dynamics in vertically discharged sand-water coaxial jets in stagnant water. The core and the surrounded annular nozzle diameters were do = 6 mm and da = 12 mm, respectively. Sand particles with a median diameter of 0.389 mm and an initial concentration of 60% by volume were issued through the annular nozzle. Different core water discharges were tested providing a Reynolds number range between 6622 and 11,919. The sand concentration and velocity were measured by implementing an accurate optical fiber probe (PV6) in axial and radial directions. The effects of velocity ratio (Ru) were studied to understand the dynamics of particles and momentum transfer for Ru < 0.5. In a distance less than 5 times of nozzle diameter, the decay rate of axial velocity and concentration of sand particles was found to be independent of velocity ratio. However, in the zone of flow development, the velocity decay rate of coaxial sand-water jets was higher than particle clouds and similar to single-phase water jets. It was found that the decay rate of sand concentration is lower than particle clouds and similar to slurry jets. The role of sand particles in turbulence augmentation and inter-scale coherent structures of the jet was also investigated using the Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition method (SPOD). The SPOD method was used to decompose the flow into energy-ranked coherent structures and extract the energy spectra. It was found that a considerable portion of the turbulence kinetic energy is stored in low-frequency modes for velocity ratios smaller than 0.16. The Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) type wave packets were observed in low frequencies and the first ten modes were found to be associated with the annular nozzle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada

    F. Sharif & A. H. Azimi

Authors
  1. F. Sharif
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  2. A. H. Azimi
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Correspondence to A. H. Azimi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. 200 UNIVERSITY AVE W, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

    Scott Walbridge

  2. Environmental Engineering, Building, Concordia University, Civil, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Mazdak Nik-Bakht

  3. University of Regina, REGINA, SK, Canada

    Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng

  4. Matrix Solutions Calgary, CALGARY, AB, Canada

    Manas Shome

  5. OKANAGAN CAMPUS, University of British Columbia, KELOWNA, BC, Canada

    M. Shahria Alam

  6. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO, ONTARIO, ON, Canada

    Ashraf El Damatty

  7. OKANAGAN CAMPUS, University of British Columbia, KELOWNA, BC, Canada

    Gordon Lovegrove

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Sharif, F., Azimi, A.H. (2022). Experimental Study of Sand-Water Coaxial Jets with Low Velocity Ratio. In: Walbridge, S., et al. Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering Annual Conference 2021 . CSCE 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 250. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1065-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1065-4_10

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1064-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1065-4

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