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Microorganisms: An Eco-Friendly Tools for the Waste Management and Environmental Safety

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Biotechnological Innovations for Environmental Bioremediation

Abstract

Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature having multifunction affecting human life. Microbes play the significant role in maintenance of many natural and man-made compounds in the environment. Several microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and metazoan are adopted for the role in the management of waste by degrading the waste metabolites and converting into useful compost or organic fertilizers that can be used for organic farming. The use of organic fertilizers increases the fertility of soil and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. In present scenario, organic farming is mostly being used in India or others countries because organic farming allows the use of organic fertilizers like biofertilizers, bio-compost, farmyard manure (FYM) and green manures, etc. All the compost don’t contain the use of any chemical component but made by domestic, animal, and agriculture waste by the degradation process of several microorganisms. Some of the harmful or toxic pollutants could be degraded by several types of microbes and converted into nontoxic product; the process is known as bioremediation. The microbes which functions in bioremediation are Pseudomonas putida, Dechloromonas aromatic, Methylibium petroleiphilum, and Alcanivorax borkumensis. Bioremediation help to clean the contaminated soil and to remove pesticides, oil, fertilizers, and toxic chemicals such as arsenic from the environment. Microorganisms play an important role in recycling the nutrients by decomposing the waste metabolites like animal, domestic, and agriculture waste. Bacteria also help in the degradation of toxic pollutants and dead animals and recycle the nutrients back to Earth. Bacteria decompose the dead organisms so that the nutrients could be possible to recycle which helps to maintain the homeostasis in an ecosystem. Recycling of nutrients frees up nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous which are the primary nutrients and important for plant health. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of microbes for waste management by focusing on bioremediation, biodegradation, FYM, biofertilizers, bio-compost, and aerobic and anaerobic waste management including the health hazards of industrial waste and their management. Organic industrial wastes might be discharged into the environment and cause serious environmental problems and health hazards to living organisms. Therefore the proper treatment of industrial waste is very essential so that we could preserve the environment and human safety.

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Acknowledgments

All the literatures used in this chapter are greatly acknowledged. Lastly big thanks to Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India, for providing the platform so that the manuscript could be completed easily.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India

    Raja Husain

  2. ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raja Husain, Sonika Pandey & Garima Yadav

  3. Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raja Husain & N. A. Khan

  4. Department of Agriculture, Zila Parishad Agriculture College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nitin Vikram

  5. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Subir Kumar Bose

  6. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bharari, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Atik Ahamad

  7. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Dr. Kalam Agricultural College (BAU, Sabour), Kishanganj, Bihar, India

    Md. Shamim

  8. Bhagwati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India

    Kunvar Gyanendra Kumar

  9. Noida International University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohammad Zuhaib

  10. Department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Touseef Hussain

  11. Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Touseef Hussain

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Sudipti Arora

  2. Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Ashwani Kumar

  3. Department of Local Resources and Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan

    Shinjiro Ogita

  4. Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK, USA

    Yuan -Yeu Yau

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Husain, R. et al. (2022). Microorganisms: An Eco-Friendly Tools for the Waste Management and Environmental Safety. In: Arora, S., Kumar, A., Ogita, S., Yau, Y.Y. (eds) Biotechnological Innovations for Environmental Bioremediation. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9001-3_36

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