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Nanotechnology and Immunomodulators in Cancer

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Immunomodulators and Human Health

Abstract

In the last years, immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for treatment in cancer without massive damaging normal cells, by reprogramming and activating antitumor immunity. However, the adverse events of immunotherapy related to the low specificity in tumor cell targeting represent limits of immunotherapy efficacy. In this regard, nanotechnologies implemented in medicine can represent new opportunities to deliver different immunotherapeutic drugs with high responses and low side effects for specific tumors. The potential of nanotechnologies is represented by the possibilities of carrying immunotherapeutic agents by nanoparticles with various material types, with different shapes, sizes, coated ligands, loading method, hydrophilicity, elasticity, and biocompatibility.

In this review are summarized different types of cancer immunotherapy already approved for cancer treatment or currently studied in clinical trials, which can be possibly correlated with nanotechnologies. Also, the immune-editing process, nanoparticles design strategy in cancer immunotherapy, and types of most promising nanoparticles, including lipid nanocarriers, dendrimers, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, magnetosomes, virus-like particles, and carbon nanomaterials, will be discussed. The influences of nanoparticles on enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapeutics in cancer and nanoparticle mediation of immune chemotherapy or combination of immunotherapy with other medical procedures are presented also. Various immune regulation mechanisms were described, revealing a complex network consisting of different immune cells, which can be engineered to work cooperatively to destroy tumor cells, taking account of the metabolic status of cancer cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) as factors that influence immunomodulation using nanosystems. Furthermore, the possibilities of nanotechnologies to influence the local immune tolerance and many steps of the metastatic cascade process are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania

    Constantin Volovat & Simona-Ruxandra Volovat

  2. Departament of Physics, Technical University Gh. Asachi, Iasi, Romania

    Maricel Agop

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  1. Constantin Volovat
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  2. Simona-Ruxandra Volovat
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  3. Maricel Agop
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  1. Department of Computer Application, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajesh K. Kesharwani

  2. Faculty of B. Pharmacy, CSM Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Raj K. Keservani

  3. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India

    Anil K. Sharma

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Volovat, C., Volovat, SR., Agop, M. (2022). Nanotechnology and Immunomodulators in Cancer. In: Kesharwani, R.K., Keservani, R.K., Sharma, A.K. (eds) Immunomodulators and Human Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6379-6_5

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