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Cancer Stem Cells in Patient Survival and Therapies in Cancer

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Cancer Stem Cells: New Horizons in Cancer Therapies

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Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells and responsible for stemness properties of cancer cell. It is regarded as one of the major causes of cancer formation, recurrence, and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrated that CSCs are closely related to the prognosis and treatment of many tumors including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and melanoma by targeting cell surface markers, signaling pathways, and microRNAs (miRNAs) to affect stemness features of CSCs. In addition, the application of nanotechnology in CSCs also makes it a novel and potential target in therapy of tumor. However, given the limitations of CSCs as mentioned in this paper, its clinical applications as a target of cancer face many challenges. Further research is needed to explore its clinical application as a target for tumor therapy.

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Abbreviations

5FUR:

5-Fluorouracil-resistant

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ABCB:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B

ABCB5:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5

ALDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

ALDH1A1:

ALDH1 family member A1

ATRA:

All-trans retinoic acid

BCRP:

Breast cancer resistance protein

BCSCs:

Breast CSCs

CAPE:

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester

CDDP:

Cisplatin

CDF:

Difluorinated-curcumin

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CSCs:

Cancer stem cells

CSLCs:

Cancer stemlike cells

CTCs:

Circulating tumor cells

CTL:

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

CTNNBIP1:

Catenin beta interacting protein 1

DCs:

Dendritic cells

DFS:

Disease-free survival

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EMT:

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

EpCAM:

Epithelial cellular adhesion molecule

GCSCs:

Gastric CSCs

GSI:

Gamma secretase inhibitors

HA-SLNs:

Solid lipid nanoparticles with hyaluronan

HH:

Hedgehog

HHAT:

HH acyl transferase

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

HMGA2:

High mobility group AT-hook 2

LAC:

Lung adenocarcinoma

LGR5:

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5

LSCC:

Lung squamous cell carcinoma

LSD1:

Lysine-specific demethylase 1

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDR1:

Multiple drug resistance

miRNA, miR:

MicroRNA

MRP:

Multidrug resistance-associated proteins

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

N2IC:

Notch2 intracellular domain

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

OPN:

Osteopontin

OS:

Overall survival

PAF:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen-associated factor

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

P-gp:

P-Glycoprotein

PRKCI:

Protein kinase C iota

PTX:

Paclitaxel

Rh123low:

Low rhodamine 123

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCLC:

Small cell lung cancer

SDCSCs:

Spheroid-derived CSCs

SIRT1/2:

Sirtuin 1 and 2

Smo:

Smoothened

SP:

Side population

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

TAM:

Tumor-associated macrophage

TNBC:

Triple-negative breast cancer

VCR:

Vincristine

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

VM:

Vasculogenic mimicry

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Acknowledgement

Authors’ contributions: All authors contributed in the writing of this paper. In addition, Y Yang was responsible for writing the manuscript. C Tian helped to search the literatures and revise the manuscript. WJ Meng participated in its design and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

    Ying Yang & Wen-Jian Meng

  2. Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, The University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China

    Chao Tian

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  1. Ying Yang
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  2. Chao Tian
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  1. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Surajit Pathak

  2. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Antara Banerjee

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Yang, Y., Tian, C., Meng, WJ. (2020). Cancer Stem Cells in Patient Survival and Therapies in Cancer. In: Pathak, S., Banerjee, A. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells: New Horizons in Cancer Therapies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5120-8_18

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