SpringerLink
Log in

Thermophilic and Halophilic Prokaryotes Isolated from Extreme Environments of Armenia and Their Biotechnological Potential

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Microbial Versatility in Varied Environments

  • 433 Accesses

Abstract

Numerous geothermal springs of different geotectonic origins and with different physicochemical properties as well as various saline and hypersaline environments with a broad microbial diversity and opportunities for newly isolated microorganisms for many industrial applications are found in the territory of Armenia. Despite intensive microbiological studies on terrestrial geothermal springs and hypersaline environments in various regions of the globe, very little is known about the microbial diversity of similar ecosystems in Armenia. During the past decades, the phylogenetic diversity of microbial community thriving in geothermal springs and hypersaline environments located on the territory of Armenia has been explored following both cultivation-based and culture-independent approaches. The thermophilic bacterial members studied were microbes belonging to the Bacillus, Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Sporosarcina, Thermoactinomyces, Rhodobacter, Methylocaldum, Arcobacter, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, Treponema, and archaeal genus Methanoculleus, whereas the isolated halophilic microorganisms were mainly found to be the members of bacterial phylum Firmicutes and archaeal family Halobacteriaceae. This chapter contains a review of the results of microbial diversity analyses of geothermal springs, saline–alkaline soils, and subterranean salt deposits of Armenia with special emphasis to its distribution, ecological significance, and biotechnological potential.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamyan MO (2004) Ekologia i biosinteticheskie osobennosti galofilnikh sporoobrazujushchikh bakterii (Ecology and biosynthetic pecularities of halophilic spore-forming bacteria). Dissertation, Institute of Microbiology NAS of RA

    Google Scholar 

  • Antranikian G, Egorova K (2007) Extremophiles, a unique resource of biocatalysts for industry. In: Gerday C, Glansdorff N (eds) Physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp 361–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Atalah J, Cáceres-Moreno P, Espina G, Blamey JM (2019) Thermophiles and the applications of their enzymes as new biocatalysts. Bioresour Technol 280:478–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Azaryan A (2018) Study of whole genome and some biochemical peculiarities of Haloarcula sp. Salt stone-1 archaeal strain isolated from Avan salt deposit. Master thesis, Yerevan State University (in Armenian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaryan AS, Gabrielyan LS, Panosyan HH, Trchounian AH (2017) Effect of growth conditions on total carotenoid production by Haloarcula japonica A-2 isolated from Avan (Armenia) subterranean deposit. In: Book of abstracts and papers of the conference. 2–3 November, 2017, Yerevan, Lusabac, pp 25–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaryan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A, Birkeland NK (2018a) Thermophiles and halophiles in Armenian extreme ecosystems: diversity and biotechnology. In: Abstract book of extremophiles: from biology to biotechnology, 19–25 August, 2018, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, p 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Azaryan A, Trchounian A, Birkeland NK (2018b) Optimization of the culture conditions for cell growth and total carotenoid production of Haloarcula japonica A2 isolated from the Avan subterranean salt deposit in Armenia. In: Abstract book of 12th International Congress of Extremophiles, 16–20 September, 2018, Ischia, Naples, Italy, p 63

    Google Scholar 

  • Badalyan M (2000) Geothermal features of Armenia: a country update. In: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, 28 May–10 June 2000, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, pp 71–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Baghdasaryan AB (1971) Physical geography of Armenian SSR. Publishing house of NA of ASSR, Yerevan. (in Armenian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Canfora L, Bacci G, Pinzari F, Lo Papa G, Dazzi C et al (2014) Salinity and bacterial diversity: to what extent does the concentration of salt affect the bacterial community in a saline soil? PLoS One 9(9):e106662. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106662

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DasSarma S, DasSarma P (2015) Halophiles and their enzymes: negativity put to good use. Curr Opin Microbiol 25:120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2015.05.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DeCastro ME, Rodríguez-Belmonte E, González-Siso MI (2016) Metagenomics of thermophiles with a focus on discovery of novel thermozymes. Front Microbiol 7:1521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01521

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Deepika M, Satyanarayana T (2013) Diversity of hot environments and thermophilic microbes. In: Satyanarayana T, Littlechild J, Kawarabayasi Y (eds) Thermophilic microbes in environmental and industrial biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht/Heidelberg/New York/London, pp 3–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado-García M, Contreras-Ramos SM, Rodríguez JA, Mateos-Díaz JC, Aguilar CN et al (2018) Isolation of halophilic bacteria associated with saline and alkaline-sodic soils by culture dependent approach. Heliyon 4(11):e00954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00954

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Cárdenas C, Cantillo A, Rojas LY, Sandoval T, Fiorentino S et al (2017) Microbial diversity of saline environments: searching for cytotoxic activities. AMB Express 7:223. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-017-0527-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dumorné K, Córdova DC, Astorga-Eló M, Renganathan P (2017) Extremozymes: a potential source for industrial applications. J Microbiol Biotechnol 27(4):649–659. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1611.11006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edbeib MF, Wahab RA, Huyop F (2016) Halophiles: biology, adaptation, and their role in decontamination of hypersaline environments. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32:135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2081-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards TA, Calica NA, Huang DA, Manoharan N, Hou W et al (2013) Cultivation and characterization of thermophilic Nitrospira species from geothermal springs in the U.S. Great Basin, China, and Armenia. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 85(2):283–292

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazaryan A, Blbulyan S, Poladyan A, Trchounian A (2015) Redox stress in geobacilli from geothermal springs: phenomenon and membrane-associated response mechanisms. Bioelectrochemistry 105:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2015.04.007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H (2012) Antimicrobial activity of moderately haloalkaliphilic Streptomyces roseosporus A3 isolated from saline-alkaline soils of Ararat Plain, Armenia. In: Proceedings of international young scientist’s conference “Prospectives for development of molecular and cellular biology-3”, 26–29 September, 2012, Yerevan, Armenia, pp 89–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Margaryan A, Panosyan H (2011) Halophilic aerobic endospore-forming bacteria of alkali-saline soils and salt mine of Armenia. In: Abstracts’ book of XV Pushchinian international school-conference of youth scientists “Biolog-Science of XXI century”. 21–26 April, 2011, Pushchino, Russia, p 361 (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A (2013) Production of cellulose by the haloalkaliphilic strains of Streptomyces isolated from saline-alkaline soils of Ararat plain, Armenia. Electron J NAS RA Nat Sci Biotechnol 21(2):44–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A, Birkeland NK (2014a) Identification of halophilic archaea from the Avan salt mine in Armenia, using a polyphasic approach including 16S rRNA gene sequence polymorphism. Abstracts book of international scientific workshop on “Trends in microbiology and microbial biotechnology”, Yerevan, Armenia, 5–8 October 2014, YSU press, p 37

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A, Birkeland NK (2014b) Microbial diversity analysis of an Armenian subterranean salt deposit using molecular and culture-based methods. In: Book of abstracts 10th international congress on extremophiles, September 7–11, 2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia, p 144

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A (2015a) Isolation of halophilic archaea from Avan salt mine in Armenia and their identification using polyphasic approaches. In: Book of Abstracts 3rd international scientific conference “Dialogues on science”, June 23–26, 2017, Yerevan, Armenia, p 27

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakobyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A Birkeland NK (2015b) Microbial diversity in Armenian saline-alkaline soils and subterranean salt deposits analyzed by molecular and culture-based methods. The FEMS 2015, 6th Congress of European Microbiologists, Maastricht, The Netherlands, p 279

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund BP, Dodsworth JA, Cole JK, Panosyan HH (2013) An integrated study reveals diverse methanogens, Thaumarchaeota, and yet-uncultivated archaeal lineages in Armenian hot springs. Anton Leeuw 104(1):71–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henneberger R, Cooksley D, Hallberg J. (2000) Geothermal resources of Armenia: In: Proceedings world geothermal congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, 28 May–10 June 2000, pp 1217–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Hovhannisyan P, Turabyan A, Panosyan H, Trchounian A (2016) Thermostable amylase production bacilli isolated from Armenian geothermal springs. Biol J Armenia 68:6–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Hreggvidsson GO, Petursdottir SK, Bjornsdottir SH, Fridjonsson OH (2012) Microbial speciation in the geothermal ecosystem. In: Stan H, Fendrihan LS (eds) Adaption of microbial life to environmental extremes: novel research results and application. Springer, Wien, pp 37–68

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Islam T, Larsen Ø, Torsvik V, Øvreås L, Panosyan H, Murrell C, Birkeland NK, Bodrossy L (2015) Novel methanotrophs of the family Methylococcaceae from different geographical regions and habitats. Microorganisms 3:484–499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Keshri J, Mishra A, Jha B (2013) Microbial population index and community structure in saline-alkaline soil using gene targeted metagenomics. Microbiol Res 168:165–173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khacaturian AA, Kazanchian NL, Khacaturian NS, Adamian MO, Khachikian LO (1995) About the ecology of extremophilic forms of bacilli in the main types of soils of Armenia. Biol J Armenia 48(1):12–18. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan M, Sathya TA (2018) Extremozymes from metagenome: potential applications in food processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 58(12):2017–2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1296408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar L, Awasthi G, Singh B (2011) Extremophiles: a novel source of industrially important enzymes. Biotechnology 10:121–135. https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2011.121.135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Littlechild JA (2015) Enzymes from extreme environments and their industrial applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 3:161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00161

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • López-López O, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI (2013) Hot spring metagenomics. Life 3(2):308–320

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Galinski EA, Grant WD, Oren A, Ventosa A (2010) Halophiles 2010: life in saline environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(21):6971–6698. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01868-10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Marquez MC, Sanchez-Porro C, Ventosa A (2011) Halophilic and haloalkaliphilic, aerobic endospore-forming bacteria in soil. In: Logan NA, De Vos P (eds) Endospore-forming soil bacteria. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 309–339

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mkrtchyan S (ed) (1969) Geology of Armenian SSR. Publishing house of AS of ASSR, Yerevan. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Orellana R, Macaya C, Bravo G, Dorochesi F, Cumsille A, Valencia R, Rojas C, Seeger M (2018) Living at the frontiers of life: extremophiles in Chile and their potential for bioremediation. Front Microbiol 9:2309. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02309

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Oren A (2010) Industrial and environmental applications of halophilic microorganisms. Environ Technol 31:825–834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oren A (2013) Strategies for the isolation and cultivation of halophilic microorganisms. In: Singh OV (ed) Extremophiles sustainable resources and biotechnological implications. Wiley-Blackwell/Wiley, Hoboken, pp 75–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Orhan F, Gulluce M (2014) Isolation and characterization of salt-tolerant bacterial strains in salt-affected soils of east Anatolian region. Geomicrobiol J 32(1):10–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2014.917743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H (2007) Bacterial population of alkali-saline soils of Ararat plain. Bull State Agrarian Univ Armenia 20(4):20–22. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H (2010) Phylogenetic diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of aerobic thermophilic endospore-forming bacteria isolated from geothermal springs in Armenia. Biol J Armenia 62(4):73–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan HH (2017) Thermophilic bacilli isolated from Armenian geothermal springs and their potential for production of hydrolytic enzymes. Int J Biotech Bioeng 3(8):239–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Birkeland NK (2014) Microbial diversity in an Armenian geothermal spring assessed by molecular and culture-based methods. J Basic Microbiol 54(11):1240–1250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Trchounian A (2019) Polar lipid pattern and fatty acid composition of geobacilli and their temperature induced changes. RepNAS Armenia 119(1):86–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Wagner M, Brandmayr C, Carell T (2014a) Differentiation of bacilli on genera level based on tRNA modification profiles. FEBS J 281(1):655–556

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Anzelmo G, Nicolaus B (2014b) Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides synthesized by geobacilli isolated from an Armenian geothermal spring. FEBS J 281(1):667

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Margaryan A, Poghosyan L, Saghatelyan A, Gabashvili E, Jaiani E, Birkeland NK (2018a) Microbial diversity of terrestrial geothermal springs in lesser Caucasus. In: Egamberdieva D, Birkeland NK, Panosyan H, Li WJ (eds) Extremophiles in Eurasian ecosystems: ecology, diversity, and applications. Springer, Singapore, pp 81–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Hakobyan A, Birkeland NK, Trchounian A (2018b) Bacilli community of saline–alkaline soils from the Ararat plain (Armenia) assessed by molecular and culture-based methods. Syst Appl Microbiol 41:232–240

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panosyan H, Di Donato P, Poli A, Nicolaus B (2018c) Production and characterization of exopolysaccharides by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans ArzA-6 and Geobacillus toebii ArzA-8 strains isolated from an Armenian geothermal spring. Extremophiles 22:725–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-018-1032-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paronyan AK (2002) Ecology and biodiversity of phototrophic bacteria of various ecosystems of Armenia. Biol J Armenia 54(1-2):91–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Paronyan A (2003) Ekologia, biologicheskie osobennosti fototrofnikh bakterii Armenii i perspektiwi ikh ispolzovanija. (Ecology, biological peculiarities of phototrophic bacteria of Armenia and prospects its application). Dissertation, Institute of Microbiology NAS of RA

    Google Scholar 

  • Paronyan A (2007) Ecophysiological characteristics of phototrophic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolated from mineral geothermal Jermuk. Biol J Armenia 59(1–2):73–77. (in Russian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul VG, Mormile MR (2017) A case for the protection of saline and hypersaline environments: a microbiological perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 93(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fix091

  • Poghosyan DA (2008) Landscape of the Armenian Highland and physico-geographical regions. YSU press, Yerevan

    Google Scholar 

  • Poghosyan L (2015) Prokaryotic diversity in an Armenian geothermal spring using metagenomics, anaerobic cultivation and genome sequencing. Master thesis, University of Bergen

    Google Scholar 

  • Poghosyan L, Birkeland NK, Panosyan H (2014) Diversity of thermophilic anaerobes in the geothermal spring Jermuk in Armenia. In: Abstracts book of international scientific workshop on “Trends in microbiology and microbial biotechnology”, 5–8 October, 2014, Yerevan, Armenia, YSU press, p 83

    Google Scholar 

  • Raddadi N, Cherif A, Daffonchio D, Neifar M, Fava F (2015) Biotechnological applications of extremophiles, extremozymes and extremolytes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(19):7907–7913

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rampelotto PH (2013) Extremophiles and extreme environments. Life 3:482–485. https://doi.org/10.3390/life3030482

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo-Bañon M, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, José Bonete M, Martínez-Espinosa M (2015) Carotenoids from Haloarchaea and their potential in biotechnology. Mar Drug 13:5508–5532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena R, Dhakan DB, Mittal P, Waiker P, Chowdhury A et al (2017) Metagenomic analysis of hot springs in Central India reveals hydrocarbon degrading thermophiles and pathways essential for survival in extreme environments. Front Microbiol 7:2123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02123

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shahinyan GS, Margaryan AA, Panosyan HH, Trchounian AH (2015) Isolation and characterization of lipase-producing thermophilic bacilli from geothermal springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Biol J Armenia 67(2):6–15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahinyan G, Margaryan AA, Panosyan HH, Trchounian AH (2017) Identification and sequence analysis of novel lipase encoding novel thermophilic bacilli isolated from Armenian geothermal springs. BMC Microbiol 17:103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1016-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh RP, Manchanda G, Singh RN, Srivastava AK, Dubey RC (2016) Selection of alkalotolerant and symbiotically efficient chickpea nodulating rhizobia from North-West Indo Gangetic Plains. J Basic Microbiol 56:4–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Vardanyan G, Margaryan A, Panosyan H (2015) Isolation and characterization of lipase-producing bacilli from Tatev geothermal spring (Armenia). In: Collection of scientific articles of YSU SSS: Materials of the scientific session dedicated to the 95th anniversary of YSU, 27-30 April, 2015, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, pp 33–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Ventosa A (2006) Unusual microorganisms from unusual habitats: hypersaline environments. In: Logan NA, Lappin-Scott HM, Oyston PCF (eds) Prokaryotic diversity: mechanisms and significance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 223–253

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ventosa A, Mellado E, Sanchez-Porro C, Marquez MC (2008) Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms from soils. In: Dion P, Nautiyal CS (eds) Microbiology of extreme soils. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 87–116

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ventosa A, de la Haba RR, Sánchez-Porro C, Papke RT (2015) Microbial diversity of hypersaline environments: a metagenomic approach. Curr Opin Microbiol 25:80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2015.05.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vera-Gargallo B, Chowdhury TR, Brown J, Fansler SJ, Durán-Viseras A et al (2019) Spatial distribution of prokaryotic communities in hypersaline soils. Sci Rep 9:1769. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38339-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yatsunami R, Ando A, Yang Y, Takaichi S, Kohno M et al (2014) Identification of carotenoids from the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula japonica. Front Microbiol 5:100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00100

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Eurasia Programme of the Norwegian Center for International Cooperation in Education (CPEA-2011/10081, CPEA-LT-2016/10095) and partially supported by the RA MES State Committee of Science, in the frames of the research projects №15 T-1F399 and № 18 T-1F261, Armenian National Science and Education Fund based in New York, USA, to HP (ANSEF-NS-microbio 2493, 3362 and 4676).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Hovik Panosyan

Authors
  1. Hovik Panosyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hovik Panosyan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Research & Development, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Raghvendra Pratap Singh

  2. Department of Botany and Environmental Studies, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

    Geetanjali Manchanda

  3. Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Indresh Kumar Maurya

  4. Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, **shan, Yunnan, China

    Yunlin Wei

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Panosyan, H. (2020). Thermophilic and Halophilic Prokaryotes Isolated from Extreme Environments of Armenia and Their Biotechnological Potential. In: Singh, R., Manchanda, G., Maurya, I., Wei, Y. (eds) Microbial Versatility in Varied Environments. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3028-9_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation