Abstract
The Jordanian civil society has more say in policy formation and implementation than in the past. This does not mean that it can stop any government decision or policy that it does not like or that has a negative impact on the environment or Jordan’s society or economy. The use of online and mass media means towards popular mobilisation has also contributed to the campaign. The level of environmental awareness among the Jordanians has risen in part because of the constant efforts of the environmental NGOs (non-governmental organisations).
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Notes
- 1.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html/ (5 April 2018).
- 2.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan.
- 3.
Myriam Ababsa, “Changes in the Regional Distribution of the Population”, in Atlas of Jordan: History, Territories and Society (Beyrouth: Presses de l’Ifpo, 2013), pp. 257–267. Available at: http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5021/(6 April 2018).
- 4.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan.
- 5.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan.
- 6.
Jordanian Ministry of the Environment, Jordan’s State of Environment Second Report 2016 Technical Summary. Available at: http://www.moenv.gov.jo/En/Documents/Technical%20Summary.pdf (5 April 2018).
- 7.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html/ (5 April 2018).
- 8.
The website of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature. Available at: http://www.rscn.org.jo/ (6 April 2018).
- 9.
The website of the Jordanian Environment Society. Available at: http://jes.org.jo/ (6 April 2018).
- 10.
The website of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature. Available at: http://www.rscn.org.jo/ (6 April 2018).
- 11.
Hana Namrouqa, “Environmental NGOs Federation Officially Launched”, The Jordan Times, May 20, 2014. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/environmental-ngos-federation-officially-launched (7 April 2018).
- 12.
Hana Namrouqa, “Environmental NGOs Federation Officially Launched”, The Jordan Times, May 20, 2014. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/environmental-ngos-federation-officially-launched (7 April 2018).
- 13.
Hana Namrouqa, “Environmental NGOs Urge Seat at the Table for Policymaking”, The Jordan Times, May 7, 2017. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/environmental-ngos-urge-seat-table-policymaking (7 April 2018).
- 14.
For more details about the online campaign to save the Bergesh Forest, look at: Asma Hussein Malkawi, “Digital Public Sphere within the Jordanian Political Movement: A Case Study for Saving Bergesh Forests through Facebook”, British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 1 (December 2012), pp. 16–27. Available at: http://www.ajournal.co.uk/HSpdfs/HSvolume8(1)/HSVol.8%20(1)%20Article%203.pdf (7 April 2018).
- 15.
Hana Namrouqa, “No More Bergesh Trees Will Be Cut for Military Academy—Agriculture Minister”, The Jordan Times, August 19, 2014. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/no-more-bergesh-trees-will-be-cut-military-academy-%E2%80%94-agriculture-minister (7 April 2018).
- 16.
Hana Namrouqa, “Activists Condemn Plans to Auction Land in Dibbeen Forest Reserve,” The Jordan Times, June 21, 2017. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/activists-condemn-plans-auction-land-dibbeen-forest-reserve (14 April 2018).
- 17.
For more details on the controversy over nuclear energy in Jordan see Nicholas Seeley, “The Battle over Nuclear Jordan”, MER 271—Fuel and Water: The Coming Crises, Vol. 44 (Summer 2014). Available at: http://www.merip.org/mer/mer271/battle-over-nuclear-jordan (8 April 2018).
- 18.
Mohammad Ghazal, “Jordan Seeking Funds for First Nuclear Power Plant—Official”, The Jordan Times, August 20, 2016. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-seeking-funds-first-nuclear-power-plant-%E2%80%94-official (8 April 2018).
- 19.
Jordan Times, “PM Inaugurates Jordan Research and Training Reactor”, The Jordan Times, December 7, 2016. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/pm-inaugurates-jordan-research-and-training-reactor (8 April 2018).
- 20.
Hana Namrouqa, “Environmentalists Protest Plan for Coal-Fuelled Power Plant,” The Jordan Times, June 23, 2016. Available at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/environmentalists-protest-plan-coal-fuelled-power-plant (14 April 2018).
References
Abasa, M. (2013). Changes in the regional distribution of the population. In Atlas of Jordan: History, territories and society (pp. 257–267). Beyrouth: Presses de l’Ifpo. Available at http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5021. Accessed 6 Apr 2018.
CIA World Factbook 2018: Jordan. Available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html. Accessed 5 Apr 2018.
Jordanian Ministry of the Environment. Jordan’s State of Environment Second Report 2016 Technical Summary. Available at http://www.moenv.gov.jo/En/Documents/Technical%20Summary.pdf. Accessed 5 Apr 2018.
Malkawi, A. H. (2012). Digital public sphere within the Jordanian political movement: A case study for saving Bergesh Forests through Facebook. British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(1), 16–27. Available at http://www.ajournal.co.uk/HSpdfs/HSvolume8(1)/HSVol.8%20(1)%20Article%203.pdf. Accessed 7 Apr 2018.
Seeley, N. (2014). The battle over nuclear Jordan. MER 271—Fuel and Water: The Coming Crises, 44. Available at http://www.merip.org/mer/mer271/battle-over-nuclear-jordan. Accessed 8 Apr 2018.
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Terdiman, M. (2019). Environmental Challenges. In: Kumaraswamy, P.R. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9166-8_8
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