Challenges in Design and Construction of Embankments and Pavements

Abstract

This Paper discusses various concerns relating to embankments and pavements in the Indian context. With expansion of existing carriageways into multi-lane expressways, new road routes and development of rural roads to carry motorised vehicles instead of traditional animal-drawn carts, the challenge is compounded by difficult ground conditions, scarce road building materials, high costs of diversions and environment considerations. Considering a significant portion of capital costs being fixed costs, time is of the essence and even a week’s delay can upset financial computations. There are several examples where delays ultimately affect commercial viability of an infrastructure project, with serious consequences on its very completion. This Paper attempts to highlight possible technical issues on pavement design with geosynthetics and how these can be circumvented. It discusses options that could optimise costs and/or reduce the project completion time. It may be noted that solutions, particularly for embankments would require more than one type of geosynthetics for a complete solution. Likewise, solutions may require a holistic approach rather than a piecemeal solution, which in totality may not gel with the entire system. Considering scarcity of construction materials, the Paper also discusses how traditionally waste and marginal materials can be used.