Abstract
Myanmar has addressed the importance of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Myanmar in creating skilled labour for several years now. Many policy reforms have been under way. Specifically in the education sector, modifications and implementations of rules and regulations affecting the Myanmar economy in the direction of attaining ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) goals have been placed into effect. Beginning with a Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR) in 2012, the National Education Law 2014 was established. A few additional authorities that have been established under the reform to support the Myanmar TVET system included the Technical and Vocational Education Council for the implementation and enforcement of policy framework, TVET Task Force for quality assurance, National Skills Standard Authority (NSSA), National Skill Development Authority (NSDA), and National Qualifications Framework (NQF). CESR and the National Education Law 2014 are noteworthy because they are the foundation of TVET reform and the draft law. The chapter carries a comprehensive review of the education sector. The major policy recommendations are grouped in terms of access, quality, management, infrastructure, and other factors to improve TVET in Myanmar.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2014). Improving Lives Throughout Asia and the Pacific. Annual Report. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/158032/adb-annual-report-2014.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Comprehensive Education Sector Review (CESR). (2014). http://www.cesrmm.org/index.php/en/. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Federal Ministry of Education and Research, IAB, Federal Statistical Office. (2013). Vocational training “Made in Germany” Germany’s dual system of Vocational Education and Training (VET) (2014). Germany trade and invest. https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Content/EN/Invest/_SharedDocs/Downloads/GTAI/BLG/blg--most-wanted--dualvocational-training-in-germany-pdf.pdf?v=4. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Germany Trade & Invest. (2014). Vocational Training “Made in Germany”: Germany’s Dual System of Vocational Education and Training (VET). https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Content/EN/Invest/_SharedDocs/Downloads/GTAI/BLG/blg--most-wanted--dual-vocational-training-in-germany-pdf.pdf?v=4. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Human Development Reports. (2015). United Nations Development Program. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/MMR. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Milio, S., Garnizova, E., & Shkreli, A. (2014). Assessment Study of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Myanmar. DWT for East and South-East Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: ILO.
Ministry of Education (MoE). (2017). http://www.moe.gov.mm/en/. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Ministry of Education (MoE) – Draft Law. (2016). http://www.moe.gov.mm/en/?q=draftlaw. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Naing, T. H. (2016). Strengthening TVET School-Industry Relation. Yangon: Center for Economy, Environment and Society – CEES Myanmar.
PepsiCo, UNESCO and the Myanmar Ministry of Education Pioneer Public-Private Vocational Training Partnership in Myanmar. (2014). http://www.pepsico.com/live/pressrelease/pepsico-unesco-and-the-myanmar-ministry-of-education-pioneer-public-private-vocational-training-partnership-in-myanmar. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Scarpetta, S., & Sonnet, A. (2012). Investing in Skills to Foster Youth Employability – What Are the Key Policy Challenges? Intereconomics 2012. doi: 10.1007/s10272-012-0402-2. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/49567835.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
UNESCO-IBE. (2011). World Data on Education VII Ed. 2010/2011. Geneva: UNESCO IBE.
UNESCO-UNEVOC. (2014). World TVET Database. Bonn.
U.S. Department of Education. (2011). Digest of Education Statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics.
World Bank. (2014). Youth Unemployment Rate. Washington, DC. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.1524.ZS Accessed 30 Dec 2016.
World TVET Database – Country Profile: Vietnam. (2014). http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=USA. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
World TVET Database – Myanmar. (2014). http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/wtdb/worldtvetdatabase_mmr_en.pdf
World TVET Database – USA. (2014). http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=World+TVET+Database&ct=USA. Accessed 16 Jan 2017.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kirkpatrick, C.T.T. (2017). Myanmar Technical and Vocational Education Training System and Policy Reform. In: De, P., Raychaudhuri, A. (eds) Myanmar’s Integration with the World. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5134-0_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5134-0_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5133-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5134-0
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)