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MicroRNAs and Tissue Response to Acute Ischemia

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New Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Organizational Strategies for Acute Coronary Syndromes Patients

Part of the book series: Contributions to Statistics ((CONTRIB.STAT.))

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21–23-nucleotide non-protein-coding RNA molecules that act as negative regulators of gene expression, modulating the stability and/or the translational efficiency of target messenger RNAs. This chapter describes miRNA regulation and function in tissue response to acute ischemia, focusing on miRNAs role in acute myocardial infarction. The role played by specific miRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis, fibrosis, regeneration, and myocardial arrhythmias is illustrated. Examples of the miRNA involvement in noncardiac ischemia are also included. The identification of specific miRNAs as key regulators of the response to ischemia has opened new clinical avenues. miRNAs may constitute excellent noninvasive disease biomarkers. Furthermore, innovative strategies targeting miRNAs, aimed at reducing the levels of pathogenic or aberrantly expressed miRNAs or to elevate the levels of miRNAs with beneficial functions, have been developed and could be applied in the treatment of ischemic diseases. The efficacy of these strategies is confirmed by two paradigmatic reports in which miRNAs have been targeted to improve cardiac function in preclinical models of myocardial infarction. Specifically, miR-210 upregulation and miR-15 inhibition can both protect against cardiac injury and rescue cardiac function after myocardial infarction.

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate the permission of Elsevier Inc. to reprint excerpts from the publication “microRNA: emerging therapeutic targets in acute ischemic diseases” of Fasanaro P., Greco S., Ivan M., Capogrossi M.C., Martelli F. published on Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010) January V.125, N.1: 92–104. FM and PF are supported by Ministero della Salute and Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC).

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  1. Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Pasquale Fasanaro

  2. Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy

    Fabio Martelli

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  1. Pasquale Fasanaro
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  2. Fabio Martelli
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Correspondence to Fabio Martelli .

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  1. Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, and Prehospital Emergency Care, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy

    Niccolò Grieco

  2. Department of Cardiology, AO San Carlo Borromeo, Via Pio II 3, Milan, 20153, Italy

    Maurizio Marzegalli

  3. , Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, p.le Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy

    Anna Maria Paganoni

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Fasanaro, P., Martelli, F. (2013). MicroRNAs and Tissue Response to Acute Ischemia. In: Grieco, N., Marzegalli, M., Paganoni, A. (eds) New Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Organizational Strategies for Acute Coronary Syndromes Patients. Contributions to Statistics. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5379-3_7

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