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Mosaics and Lamination in the Retina

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Dendrites

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Abstract

The highly ordered architecture of the neural retina makes it an excellent system to study neuron spacing and dendrite organization. Adult retinal neurites and cell bodies are organized in a highly stereotyped manner in formation of the radial circuitry of the retina, from photoreceptors to retinal ganglion cells. The circuitry formed by these cells is functionally separated into ON and OFF pathways in the retinal outer plexiform layer. These pathways are then spatially divided within the retinal inner plexiform layer, in which coding for additional aspects of vision, such as movement and edge detection, are added. Many cell types and neural circuits in the retina are also spaced across the horizontal plane of the retina so as to sample these and other features of vision evenly across the visual field. The mechanisms and molecules underpinning organization of the retina have been the subjects of intensive study. These studies have found that retinal circuitry is largely hardwired by transmembrane receptors, many of them cell adhesion molecules, and their ligands, with activity hel** to further refine development. In this chapter, we focus on developmental mechanisms, such as programmed cell death, migration, and neurite refinement that increase organization of retinal cell bodies and neurites, as well as the molecules by which cells recognize and respond to appropriate contacts and domains.

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Abbreviations

Agene :

Vertebrate DNA or RNA sequence

APROTEIN:

Vertebrate protein

CAD:

Cadherin

CAR:

Cone arrestin

CBC:

Cone bipolar cell

ChAT:

Choline acetyltransferase

CNTN:

Contactin

DAC:

Dopaminergic amacrine cell

DCD:

Developmental cell death

DSCAM:

Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

HC:

Horizontal cell

INL:

Inner nuclear layer

IPL:

Inner plexiform layer

ipRGC:

Intrinsically photoresponsive retinal ganglion cell

MEGF:

Multiple EGF-like domain protein

NGL2:

Netrin-G ligand 2/leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4

ONL:

Outer nuclear layer

OPL:

Outer plexiform layer

PCDHG:

γ-Protocadehrin

PLXN:

Plexin

PR:

Photoreceptor

PTTG:

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene

RBC:

Rod bipolar cell

RGC:

Retinal ganglion cell

RGL:

Retinal ganglion layer

SAC:

Starburst amacrine cell

SDK:

Sidekick

SEMA:

Semaphorin

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

    Peter G. Fuerst

  2. WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA

    Peter G. Fuerst

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  1. Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuo Emoto

  2. Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Rachel Wong

  3. Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA

    Eric Huang

  4. Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Casper Hoogenraad

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© 2016 Springer Japan

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Fuerst, P.G. (2016). Mosaics and Lamination in the Retina. In: Emoto, K., Wong, R., Huang, E., Hoogenraad, C. (eds) Dendrites. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56050-0_10

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