Abstract
The neuroendocrine system is composed of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland; the nervous system controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. The secretory activity of the endocrine glands was formerly thought to be outside the direct control of the nervous system. Since the 1950s, the brain has been recognized as the center of the system controlling and regulating the physiological processes of the human body, and, currently, the neuroendocrine–immune network is proposed to mediate a bidirectional interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. This network is responsible for maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating the essential responses to inflammation or injury through a tightly regulated network of neuropeptides, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines. Further investigation into neuroendocrine–immune crosstalk could shed light on the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as inflammatory and central nervous system diseases.
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Nishiyama, Y., Katsura, Ki. (2015). The Neuroendocrine System and Its Regulation. In: Uchino, H., Ushijima, K., Ikeda, Y. (eds) Neuroanesthesia and Cerebrospinal Protection. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54490-6_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54490-6_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
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