Inzisionale Techniken zur Astigmatismuskorrektur

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Refraktive Chirurgie

Zusammenfassung

Idealerweise ist die Hornhautkuppel als sphärische oder leicht prolate Form mit gleichen Krümmungsradien in allen Achsen ausgebildet. Abweichungen davon führen zu einer verzerrten, stabförmigen Abbildung eines Punktes auf der Netzhaut. Korrigiert wird dieser Abbildungsfehler im optischen System Auge durch Hilfsmittel wie Brille oder Kontaktlinse. Chirurgische Methoden haben sich in den letzten 25 Jahren durchgesetzt. Sie haben in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten und bei verschiedenen Fehlsichtigkeiten unterschiedliche Therapieansätze. Während der refraktiven Hornhautchirurgie durch ablative Techniken mit Lasertechnologien kann ein bestehender Astigmatismus ebenfalls korrigiert werden. Sowohl gleichzeitig mit einer therapeutischen Kataraktchirurgie, mit einem refraktiven Linsenaustausch-Eingriff oder zeitversetzt dazu kann der Astigmatismus durch inzisionale Techniken an der Hornhaut korrigiert werden. Die drei verschiedenen Methoden, die limbale Relaxationsinzision (LRI), die manuelle astigmatische Keratotomie und die arkuate Inzision mit dem Femtosekundenlaser werden in den folgenden Kapiteln getrennt beschrieben. Zusätzlich stehen torische intraokulare Linsen zur Verfügung, mit denen inzwischen das gesamte Spektrum von 0,75 dpt bis zu beliebig hohen Astigmatismen behandelt werden kann.

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Hoffmann, P., Fabian, E. (2023). Inzisionale Techniken zur Astigmatismuskorrektur. In: Kohnen, T. (eds) Refraktive Chirurgie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60946-0_15

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