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Multimodale SPECT- und PET-Bildgebung

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Medizinische Physik

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Zusammenfassung

Im weiteren Sinne kann man unter multimodaler Bildgebung oder auch Hybridbildgebung jegliche Nutzung medizinischer Bilddaten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen zum Zweck einer zuverlässigeren Befundfindung verstehen. In diesem Kapitel wird unter multimodaler Bildgebung ein diagnostisches Kombinationsgerät verstanden, welches die Charakteristika zweier oder mehrerer Bildgebungsmodalitäten, wie z. B. Computer- Tomographie (CT), Magnetresonanz-Tomographie (MRT), Single-Photon-Emission-Computed-Tomographie (SPECT) oder Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) in einer funktionellen Einheit vereint und damit synergistische Effekte der einzelnen Bildgebungsmodalitäten nutzt. Momentan etablierte Hybridsysteme im human-medizinischen Bereich sind PET/CT, SPECT/CT und PET/MRT. Diese Hybridsysteme kombinieren die hohe Sensitivität der SPECT- und der PET-Bildgebung zur Detektion und Quantifizierung eines Radiotracers im menschlichen Körper mit der räumlich hochaufgelösten anatomischen Darstellung der CT- oder MRTBildgebung. In diesem Kapitel werden die Grundlagen und Vorteile der multimodalen Bildgebung erläutert und der Aufbau von Hybridsystemen skizziert. Zudem werden wichtige Korrekturmethoden, wie beispielsweise die Partialvolumenkorrektur, Schwächungskorrektur und die Streustrahlenkorrektur erläutert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland

    Dr. Philipp Ritt

  2. Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Harald H. Quick

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Correspondence to Philipp Ritt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Physik in der Strahlentherapie (E040), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Wolfgang Schlegel

  2. Medizinische Physik in der Strahlentherapie (E040), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Christian P. Karger

  3. Medizinische Physik in der Strahlentherapie (E040), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

    Oliver Jäkel

Aufgaben

Aufgaben

16.1

Um welchen Faktor verringert sich die Intensität von 140-keV-Photonen nach Durchgang durch 10 cm Weichteilgewebe (\(\sim\) 0 HU)? Wie groß ist der Faktor für 511-keV-Photonen?

16.2

Ab welcher Strukturgröße kommt der Partialvolumeneffekt bei einer räumlichen Systemauflösung von 10 mm FWHM kaum noch zu tragen?

16.3

Man betrachte die Quantifizierung der Aktivitätsmenge (Bequerel) eines \({}^{99\mathrm{m}}\)Tc-Radiopharmakons, z. B. in den Nieren, mit Hilfe von SPECT. Ordne die nachfolgenden Effekte gemäß ihres Einflusses auf die Quantifizierungsgenauigkeit in absteigender Reihung (größter Einfluss zuerst): Partialvolumenkorrektur, Schwächungskorrektur, Kalibrierung.

16.4

Wie erfolgt bei der PET/CT-Hybridbildgebung prinzipiell die Schwächungskorrektur?

16.5

Wie erfolgt bei der integrierten PET/MRT-Hybridbildgebung prinzipiell die Schwächungskorrektur?

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Ritt, P., Quick, H.H. (2018). Multimodale SPECT- und PET-Bildgebung. In: Schlegel, W., Karger, C., Jäkel, O. (eds) Medizinische Physik. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54801-1_16

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