Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung von Antikörpern, die gegen die Checkpoint-Moleküle gerichtet sind, hat die Immunonkologie zu einem festen Bestandteil in der Behandlung maligner Erkrankungen gemacht. Checkpoint-Moleküle wie CTLA-4 oder PD-1, die derzeit im Mittelpunkt der klinischen Entwicklungen stehen, werden nach Aktivierung von T-Lymphozyten auf deren Oberfläche hochreguliert und können nach Interaktion mit entsprechenden Liganden diese wieder abschalten. Diese Checkpoint-Moleküle können aber auch auf malignen Zellen exprimiert sein und so eine gegen den Tumor gerichtete Immunantwort inhibieren. Das Besondere dieser neuen Immuntherapien sind die langanhaltenden Remissionen, die in einem Langzeitüberleben resultieren können, sowie ihre Entitäten übergreifende Wirksamkeit. Derzeit werden Kombinationen mit Strahlentherapie, Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI), Chemotherapie und anderen Immuntherapien geprüft sowie weitere an der Regulierung des Immunsystems beteiligte Moleküle wie LAG-3, GITR, CD137 oder CD47 evaluiert.
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Brossart, P., Grünwald, V., Ochsenreither, S. (2021). Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. In: Schmoll, HJ. (eds) Kompendium Internistische Onkologie . Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_54-1
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