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Verletzungen der kindlichen Wirbelsäule

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Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Kindliche Wirbelsäulenverletzungen sind eine seltene Entität und kommen zumeist nur durch Hochrasanztraumen zustande. Das Wissen um die spezielle Anatomie und Biomechanik des heranwachsenden Achsenskelettes ist die Grundlage für die korrekte Diagnostik und Therapie. Insbesondere dürfen altersspezifische morphologische Besonderheiten nicht fehlinterpretiert werden. Bei Heranwachsenden sind die einzelnen Wirbelsäulenabschnitte bei einem adäquaten Trauma unterschiedlich häufig gefährdet. Je jünger das Individuum ist, umso häufiger ist die Halswirbelsäule betroffen. Auch bei den Wirbelkörpern gibt es vulnerable Epiphysenfugen. Spezielle Verletzungsformen an den Wachstumsfugen können das Wachstum nachhaltig beeinträchtigen. Die sorgfältige klinische Untersuchung ist unumgänglich. Meist bedarf es einer weiteren nativradiologischen oder computertomografischen Diagnostik. Bei unklaren Befunden ist eine MRT zielführend. Therapeutisch lassen sich kindliche Wirbelsäulenverletzungen zumeist konservativ behandeln. In besonderen Fällen ist die operative Stabilisierung mit kindgerechten Implantaten notwendig.

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  1. Unfallchirurgie & Sporttraumatologie, Krankenhaus St. Vinzenz Zams, Zams, Österreich

    Martina Wöß & Anton Kathrein

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  1. Martina Wöß
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  2. Anton Kathrein
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Correspondence to Martina Wöß .

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  1. Klinik für Orthopädie, Klinikum Osnabrück GmbH Klinik für Orthopädie, Osnabrück, Niedersachsen, Deutschland

    Martin Engelhardt

  2. Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster Unfallchirurgie, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Michael Raschke

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  1. Universtätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich

    Annelie M. Weinberg

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Wöß, M., Kathrein, A. (2022). Verletzungen der kindlichen Wirbelsäule. In: Engelhardt, M., Raschke, M. (eds) Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54673-0_223-1

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