Abstract
In 1899, Liang Qichao’s 梁啓超 (1873–1929) Random notes, Ziyou shu 自由書, were serialised in the China Discussion, Qingyi bao 清議報. Quoting Inukai Tsuyoshi 犬養毅 (1855–1932), he argued in one note that schools, newspapers, and rhetoric should be regarded as the “three useful instruments for the dissemination of civilisation.” The concept that schools cultivate talent has been universally accepted since ancient times; however, the inclusion of newspapers and oratory required further explanation: “On the whole, those citizens who are more literate should make good use of newspapers, while those citizens who are less literate ought to make good use of oratory.” This quote proved popular, not only profoundly influencing the development of late Qing intellectual culture, but also providing an extremely convenient way for later historians to “get inside the late Qing.” But newspapers and “oratory” are usually transient media, dealing primarily with the issues of the day. Although they may serve as introductory materials for the reader, they are not optimal tools for the expansion of knowledge. With concerted effort and efficient use of time and energy, the necessarily collaborative enterprise of encyclopaedia publication can provide a powerful force to bolster the accumulation of academic expertise and foster the creation of knowledge in an entire society. Gao Fenglian 高鳳謙 (Mengdan 夢旦) (1875–1936), a figure who was instrumental in the early stages of the Commercial Press, Shangwu yinshuguan 商務印書館, remarked in his preface to the New Character Dictionary, **n zidian 新字典 (1912), that in Japan “textbooks and encyclopaedic works contributed most to the popularisation of education and the organisation of common knowledge” 教育之普及, 常識之備具, 教科書辭書之功為多. Encyclopaedias and textbooks are free of avant-garde ambitions and are fostered by systematic discussion. This puts them very much in harmony with the educational tenet that it “takes a 100 years to foster able people.” It is in this sense that one may propose a different enumeration of the “three great tools for the dissemination of civilisation,” with encyclopaedias and textbooks counted alongside schools.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Ren gong 任公 [= Liang Qichao梁啟超], “Yinbingshi ziyou shu” 飲冰室自由書 [Random notes from the Ice Drinker’s Studio], Qingyi bao 26 (1899): 1b. This untitled note was later included in various collections of Liang Qichao’s works under the title “Chuanbo wenming san liqi” 傳播文明三利器 [Three effective weapons for spreading civilization].
- 2.
Gao Fenglian 高鳳謙, “Yuanqi” 緣起 [Origin (of this work)], in **zhuan <蘇州奇人> 黃摩西評傳 [<The eccentric from Suzhou>: A critical biography of Huang Moxi] (Suzhou: Suzhou daxue, 2000).
- 6.
See ** shi **代文學批評史 [A history of modern literary criticism] (Shanghai: Shanghai guji, 1993),796–808.
- 12.
See Jiang Chunfang姜椿芳, Cong leishu dao baike quanshu 從類書到百科全書 [From category-books to encyclopaedias] (Bei**g: Zhongguo shuji, 1990) 92. This account is not entirely correct, since Kang Youwei 康有為 (1858–1927), in his 1897 compilation Notes on Japanese Book Catalogues, Riben shumu zhi 日本書目志, had already imported the word baike quanshu for “encyclopaedia” into China. For its Japanese background, see the Introduction and the study by Douglas Reynolds in this volume.
- 13.
Da Buliedian baike quanshu (guoji zhongwen ban) 大不列顛百科全書(國際中文版) [Encyclopaedia Britannica (international Chinese-language edition)] (Bei**g: Zhongguo Baike Quanshu, 2002), juan 6, 63.
- 14.
** Changzheng 金常政, Baike quanshu xue 百科全書學 [Encyclopaedia studies] (Bei**g: Zhongguo da baike quanshu, 2000), 3.
- 15.
** Changzheng, Baike quanshu xue, 33–45.
- 16.
Jiang Chunfang, Cong leishu dao baike quanshu, 13, 30.
- 17.
Huang Ren 黃人, “Xu” 序 [Preface], in Putong baike xin da cidian普通百科新大辭典 [New encyclopaedic dictionary of general knowledge], comp. Huang Ren 黄人 (Shanghai: Guoxue fulun she, 1911), 1b.
- 18.
Yan Fu, “Xu” 序 [Preface] in Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian. Transcribed from cursive to regular script in Yan Fu 嚴復, Yan Fu ji 嚴復集 [Yan Fu works] (Bei**g: Zhonghua, 1986), 2: 277.
- 19.
Yan Fu, “Xu”, in Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian. Transcribed in Yan Fu 嚴復, Yan Fu ji 嚴復集 2: 277.
- 20.
Yan Fu, “Xu”, in Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian. Transcribed in Yan Fu, Yan Fu ji, 2: 277.
- 21.
Huang Ren, “Fanli” 凡例 [Editorial principles], in Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian, vol. 1, 1a, b.
- 22.
Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian, vol. shen 申 12 strokes, #404.
- 23.
Huang Ren, “Fanli” 凡例 [Editorial principles], in Huang Ren, Putong baike xin da cidian, 1a, 2b.
- 24.
See Zhong Shaohua 鐘少華, Renlei zhishi de xin gongju Zhong-Ri **dai baike quanshu yanjiu, 人類知識的新工具: 中日**代百科全書研究 [A new tool of human knowledge: A study of early modern encyclopaedias in China and Japan] (Bei**g: Bei**g tushuguan, 1996), 73, 195–196.
- 25.
See Pang Shusen, “Huang Moxi xiansheng shiji xu,” 361.
- 26.
Huang Ren, Huang Ren ji, 345.
- 27.
See Ladisilafu Cigusita (Ladislav Zgusta) 拉迪斯拉夫・兹古斯塔, Cidianxue gailun 詞典學概論 [Manual of lexicography], trans. Lin Shuwu 林書武 (Bei**g: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1983) 274.
- 28.
For this opinion, see Song Yuanfang 宋原放, Shanghai chuban zhi 上海出版志 [A history of Shanghai publishing] (Shanghai: Shanghai shehui kexueyuan, 2000), 470, 473.
- 29.
For the table of contents and related commentaries see Fan Diji 范迪吉 et al., Putong baike quanshu 普通百科全書 [A general encyclopaedia], see **lun” 英文百科全書評論 [Review of the Encyclopaedia Britannica], Huanqiu Zhongguo xuesheng bao 5–6 (1907).
- 36.
Yang **zhuan・zuopin xuan, 黃人 :評傳・作品選 [Huang Ren: critical biography and selected works] (Bei**g: Zhongguo wenshi, 1998), 101–102.
- 98.
** Tianyu 金天羽,, “Suzhou wu ge qiren” 蘇州五個奇人 [Biographies of five Suzhou eccentrics], in ** Tianyu, Tianfanglou xu ji 天放樓續集 [Collection from the Tower to Let Go, Sequel], juan 4, letterpress edition, 1932.
- 99.
Huang Ren, Huang Ren ji, 325.
- 100.
Wang Guo** 王國**, “Dongwu Daxue de chuangban” 東吳大學的創辦 [The establishment of Soochow University], Suzhou Daxue xuebao 2 (2000): 35. The picture is reproduced further down on p. 305.
- 101.
Tang Zhesheng writes: “He also personally compiled A History of East Asian Culture, Dongya wenhua shi 東亞文化史, and A History of Chinese Philosophy, Zhongguo zhexue shi 中國哲學史.” Since no source is provided for this information, these works have been omitted here. Tang Zhesheng, Huang Ren: **zhuan・zuopin xuan, 7.
- 102.
For the history of Soochow University, see the first chapter of Zhang Qifu 張圻福, Suzhou daxue shi 蘇州大學校史 [History of Suzhou Universities] (Nan**g: Jiangsu renmin, 1992); Lu Yilu 鹿憶鹿, Shiji chunfeng—Dongwu daxue jianxiao baijian tekan 世紀春風—東吳大學建校百年特刊 [The century’s spring breeze—special publication for the centenary of Soochow University’s establishment] (Taipei: Dongwu daxue, 2000); Kanke yu rongyao: Dongwu Daxue jianxiao bainian **ian wenji 坎坷與榮耀: 東吳大學建校百年紀念文集 [Hardship and honor: a collection of essays for the centenary of Soochow University’s establishment] eds. Zhang Manjuan 張曼娟 et al. (Taipei: Shulin, 2000); Wang Guo** 王國**, “Dongwu Daxue de chuangban.” 東吳大學的創辦 [The Establishment of Soochow University], Suzhou Daxue xuebao 2 (2000). Wang Guo**, ed., Dongwu Daxue: boxi Tianci zhuang 东吴大学: 博習天賜庄 [Soochow University: Broad Learning in Tianci Village] (Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu, 2003); Wang ** writes that both 1900 and 1901 are defendable dates, with the 3rd month of 1901 being the most likely. Wang Guo**, “Dongwu Daxue de chuangban,” 104.
- 104.
See Wang **lun.”
- 106.
See Jiang Chunfang, Cong leishu dao baike quanshu, 19–47; Liu Da 劉達, Baikequanshu gailun 百科全書概論 [A survey of encyclopaedias] (Bei**g: Bei**g hangkong hangtian daxue, 1992), 224–225. ** Changzheng, Baike quanshu xue, 56–61.
- 107.
Zhu Dawen 朱大文 and Ling Gengyang 凌赓颺 write in their preface to A compendium of the governance and technical learning of all nations, Wanguo zhengzhi yixue quanshu 萬國政治藝學全書: “All of us felt strongly about this, and so we joined forces. We needed several months to select widely from translated work, of which there several dozens or hundreds, extract their essence, widely search to establish their accuracy, select the prime, remove the chaff, join it into a whole, and make a book.” Zhu and Ling, comps., Wanguo zhengzhi yixue quanshu (Shanghai: Hongwen shuju, 1901).
- 108.
From Huang’s “Preface” to his Putong baike xin da cidian.
- 109.
See Li Di, “Qingmo «Putong Baike **zhuan, 50–70.
- 112.
Wu Mei 吳梅, Zhongguo xiqu gailun 中國戲曲概論 (Shanghai: Datong shuju, 1925).
- 113.
Information regarding Wu Mei’s Peking University textbooks in the collection of the Académie Française is included in Chen **yuan 陳**原, Zaoqi Beida wenxueshi jiangyi sanzhong 早期北大文學史講義三種 [Three early Peking University literary history textbooks] (Bei**g: Bei**g Daxue, 2005); as for the these lithographed textbooks and the connection with Wu Mei’s writings, see Chen **yuan, “Bu gai bei yiwang de ‘wenxueshi’” 不該被遺忘的‘文學史 [‘Histories of literature’ that should not be forgotten], Bei**g daxue xuebao1 (2005): 71.
- 114.
Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment, 520, 4.
- 115.
Wenke da cidian. See the reproduction on p. 318
References
Allen, Young John, see Lin Yuezhi 林樂知.
Anon. “Liyan” 例言 [Editorial principles]. In **nxue da congshu.
Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培. Xuetang jiaoke lun 學堂教科論 [On school curricula], 1901. Reprint in Cai Yuanpei quanji 蔡元培全集, edited by Gao **shu 高**叔, juan 1, 139–152. Bei**g: Zhonghua Shuju, 1984.
Chen **yuan 陳**原. “Bu gai bei yiwang de ‘wenxueshi’” 不該被遺忘的‘文學史 [‘Literary History’ that should not be forgotten]. Bei**g daxue xuebao 1 (2005): 70–76.
———. Zaoqi Beida wenxueshi jiangyi sanzhong 早期北大文學史講義三種 [Three early Peking University textbooks for the history of literature]. Bei**g: Bei**g Daxue, 2005.
Da Buliedian baikequanshu (guoji zhongwen ban) 大不列顛百科全書(國際中文版) [Encyclopaedia Britannica (international Chinese-language edition)]. Bei**g: Zhongguo Baike Quanshu, 2002.
Darnton, Robert. The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1979.
Deng Shaogen 鄧紹根. “Ji «Da buliedian baikequanshu» zai Zhongguo shouci de xiaoshou” 記«大不列顛百科全書»在中國首次的銷售 [Recording the first sales of the Encyclopaedia Britannica in China]. Chuban faxing yanjiu 2 (2004): 78–80.
Dikaowen 狄考文 (=Calvin Matteer). “Shang yi shu niqing chuangshe zongxuetang yi” 上譯署擬請創設總學堂議 [A Draft Proposal for the Establishment of General Schools]. In Bei**g daxue shiliao 北京 大學史料, edited by Wang Xuezhen 王學珍 et al., juan 1, 14–18. Bei**g: Bei**g Daxue, 1993.
Dong Shouci 董壽慈. “Ni yi Yingwen baikequanshu yinyan” 擬譯英文百科全書引言 [Draft Translation of the Foreword to the Encyclopaedia Britannica]. Huanqiu Zhongguo xueshengbao 5–6 (1907).
Fan Diji 范廸吉, ed. Bianyi putong jiaoyu baike quanshu 編譯普通教育百科全書 [Compiled and translated encyclopaedia for general education]. Shanghai: Huiwen she, 1903.
Fu Yunsen 傅運森 et al., eds. **n zidian 新字典 [The new character dictionary]. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1912.
Gao Mengdan 高夢旦, “Xu” 序 [Preface]. In **n zidian, edited by Fu Yunsen et al. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1912.
Guoxue fulun she 國學扶輪社, ed. Wenke dacidian 文科大辭典 [Terminological dictionary for classical studies]. Shanghai: Guoxue fulun she, 1911.
Hao **anghui 郝祥輝, comp. Baike xin cidian, wenyi zhi bu 百科新辭典•文藝之部 [A new encyclopaedic dictionary, literature and arts section]. Shanghai: Shijie, 1922.
Hongbao zhai zhuren 鴻寶齋主人. “Xu” 序 [Preface]. In **gji tongkao 經濟通考, compiled by Shao **aocun 邵筱邨. Shanghai: Hongbao, 1901.
Huang Lin 黃霖. **dai wenxue pi** shi **代文學批評史 [A history of modern literary criticism]. Shanghai: Shanghai guji, 1993.
———, ed. Zhongguo lidai xiaoshuo lunzhu xuan 中國歷代小說論著選 [A selection of historical Chinese literary criticism]. Nanchang: Jiangxi renmin, 1985.
Huang Ren 黄人. “Benshu zhi tese” 本書之特色 [The particular characteristics of the present work]. In Putong baike xin da cidian, compiled by Huang Ren, 1: 1a–2a.
———. Huang Ren ji. 黃人集 [Writings by and about Huang Ren]. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
———, comp. Putong baike xin da cidian 普通百科新大辭典 [New encyclopaedic dictionary of general knowledge]. Shanghai: Guoxue fulun she, 1911.
———. “Xu” 序 [Preface]. In Putong baike xin dacidian, compiled by Huang Ren, vol. 1.
———. “**aoshuo lin fakan ci” 小說林發刊詞 [Inaugural statement for Forest of Fiction]. **aoshuo lin 1 (1907): 1–5.
———. “**aoshuo xiaohua” 小說小話 [Brief talks on fiction] (1907–1908). In Zhongguo lidai xiaoshuo lunzhu xuan 中國歷代小說論著選, edited by Huang Lin 黃霖. Nanchang: Jiangxi renmin, 1985.
———. “Xuefu fakan ci” 學桴發刊詞 [Inaugural statement for Raft of Learning]. Quoted in Wang Yingzhi 王英志. “Xuefu bainian ganyan” «學桴»百 年感言 (Thoughts on the one hundredth anniversary of “Raft of Learning”). **nmin Wanbao, (Jan 5, 2006).
———. Zhongguo wenxue shi 中國文學史. In Huang Ren ji, by Huang Ren. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根, 320–400. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
Jiang Chunfang 姜椿芳. Cong leishu dao baike quanshu. 從類書到百科全書 [From category-books to encyclopaedias]. Bei**g: Zhongguo shuji, 1990.
** Changzheng 金常政. Baike quanshu xue 百科全書學 [Encyclopaedia studies]. Bei**g: Zhongguo da baike quanshu, 2000.
** Hechong 金鶴翀. “Huang Mu’an jiazhuan” 黃慕庵家傳 [Family records of Huang Mu’an]. In Huang Ren ji, by Huang Ren. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根, 365–366. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
** Tianyu 金天羽. “Suzhou wu ge qiren” 蘇州五個奇人 [Biographies of five Suzhou eccentrics]. In Tianfanglou xu ji 天放樓續集, by ** Tianyu. Juan 4. Letterpress edition, 1932.
Ladisilafu Cigusita 拉迪斯拉夫・兹古斯塔 [=Ladislav Zgusta]. Cidianxue gailun 詞典學概論 [Manual of lexicography], translated by Lin Shuwu 林書武. Bei**g: Shangwu yinshuguan, 1983.
Li Di **迪, Guo Shirong 郭世榮, “Qingmo «Putong Baike **n Dacidian» ji qi xueshu jiazhi” 清末«普通百科新大詞典» 及其學術價值 [The New Encyclopaedic Dictionary of General Knowledge of the late Qing and its academic value]. Zhongguo keji shiliao l (2003): 47–57.
Liang Qichao梁啟超. Yinbing shi ziyoushu 飲冰室自由書 [Random notes from the Ice-drinker’s Studio]. Shanghai: Zhonghua, 1991.
Liang Qichao – see Yinbing; see Ren gong
Lin Yuezhi 林樂知[=Young John Allen]. “Ba” 跋 [Postscript]. In “Shang yi shu niqing chuangshe zongxuetang yi” 上譯署擬請創設總學堂議 [A Draft Proposal for the Establishment of General Schools], by Dikaowen 狄考文 [=Calvin Matteer]. In Bei**g daxue shiliao 北京大學史料, edited by Wang Xuezhen 王學珍 and others. Bei**g: Bei**g Daxue, 1993, juan 1, 14–18.
———. “Xu” 序 [Preface]. In Mori Arinori, Wenxue xingguo ce [A strategy to revive the nation through education], translated by Young John Allen and others, 3–6. 1896. Reprint, Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 2002.
Lin Shu 林紓. “Xu” 序 [Preface]. In Guoxue fulun she, ed. Wenke dacidian.
Liu Da 劉達. Baike quanshu gailun 百科全書概論 [A survey of encyclopaedias]. Bei**g: Bei**g hangkong hangtian daxue, 1992.
Lu Yilu 鹿憶鹿. Shiji chunfeng—Dongwu daxue jianxiao bainian tekan 世紀春風—東吳大學建校百年特刊 [The century’s spring breeze—special publication for the centenary of Soochow University’s establishment]. Taipei: Dongwu daxue, 2000.
Mori Arinori 森有禮. Wenxue xingguo ce 文學興國策 [A strategy to revive the nation through education]. Translated by Young John Allen et al., with prefaces by Young John Allen and Gong **nming 龔心銘. Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian, 2002.
Pang Shusen 龐樹森. “Huang Moxi xiansheng shiji xu” 黃摩西先生詩集序 [Preface to mister Huang Moxi’s poetry collection]. In Huang Ren ji, by Huang Ren. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根, 361–362. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
Qilu zhuren 杞盧主人. “Preface” to Shiwu tongkao 時務通考 [Comprehensive examination of current affairs]. Shanghai: Dianshizhai, 1897.
Qian Cunxun 錢存訓. “**shi yishu dui Zhongguo xiandaihua de yingxiang” **世譯書對中國現代化的影響 [The Influence of Contemporary Translations on China’s Modernisation] Wenxian 2 (1986): 176–204.
Qian Feng 錢豐. “Fanli” 凡例 [Editorial principles]. In Wanguo fenlei shiwu dacheng, compiled by Qian Feng. Shanghai: Shenjiang **uhai shanfang, 1897.
———, comp. Wanguo fenlei shiwu dacheng 萬國分類時務大成 [A comprehensive summary of current affairs by category and for all nations]. Shanghai: Shenjiang **uhai shanfang, 1897.
Qian Zhonglian 錢仲聯. Mengtiaoan Qingdai wenxue lunji, 夢苕庵清代文學論集 [A collection of literary criticism on the Qing dynasty from the Hut of the Dreamer of Rushes]. **an: Qilu, 1983.
——Mengtiaoan shihua 夢苕庵詩話 [Discussion of poetry from the Hut of the Dreamer of Rushes]. **an: Qilu, 1986,
Qiuweng 秋翁 [=** **ya **襟亞]. “Shuye guaijie” 書業怪杰 [Remarkable eccentrics of the book trade]. In Zhongguo chuban shiliao, **dai bufen 中國出版史料•**代部分, edited by Song Yuanfang 宋原放, juan 3, 278–283. Wuhan: Hubei jiaoyu, 2004,
Ren gong 任公 [=Liang Qichao 梁啟超]. “Yinbingshi ziyou shu” 飲冰室自由書 [Random notes from the Ice Drinker’s Studio], Qingyi bao 26 (1899): 1b.
———. See also Liang Qichao.
Sanetō Keishū 実藤恵秀. Zhonguoren liuxue Riben shi 中國人留學日本史 [A history of Chinese students in Japan], translated by Tan Ruqian 譚汝謙 et al. Bei**g: Sanlian, 1983.
Shanghai tushuguan 上海圖書館, ed. Zhongguo **dai qikan pianmu huilu 中國**代期刊篇目彙錄 [Title index for China’s periodicals for the late Qing and early Republican periods]. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin, 1980–1984.
Shao **aocun 邵筱邨, comp. **gji tongkao 經濟通考 [A comprehensive examination of governance]. Shanghai: Hongbao, 1901.
Song Yuanfang 宋原放. Shanghai chuban zhi 上海出版志 [A history of Shanghai publishing]. Shanghai: Shanghai shehui kexue yuan, 2000.
Song Yuanfang 宋原放, Wang Jiarong 汪家熔 et al., comps. Zhongguo chuban shiliao, **dai bufen 中國出版史料• **代部分 [Historical materials on Chinese publishing: contemporary section]. Wuhan: Hubei jiaoyu, 2004.
Sun Yingxiang 孫應祥. Yan Fu nianpu 嚴復年譜 [Chronology of Yan Fu’s life]. Fuzhou: Fujian renmin, 2003.
Tang **ggao 唐敬杲 et al., eds. **n wenhua cishu 新文化辭書 [Encyclopaedic Dictionary of New Knowledge]. Shanghai: Shangwu, 1923.
Tang Zhesheng 湯哲聲 et al., comps. Huang Ren: **zhuan・zuopin xuan 黃人:評傳・作品選 [Huang Ren: critical biography and selected works]. Bei**g: Zhongguo wenshi, 1998.
Tao Zongyi 陶宗儀. Shuo fu 說郛 [Ramparts of apocrypha]. Preface by Yang Weizhen 楊維楨. In Shuo fu san zhong 說郛三種 (Three ramparts of apocrypha), edited by Zhang Zongxiang 張宗祥, vol. 1. Shanghai: Shanghai guji. 1988,
Wang Guo** 王國**. “Dongwu Daxue de chuangban” 東吳大學的創辦 [The founding of Soochow University]. Suzhou Daxue xuebao 2 (2000): 97–106.
———, ed. Dongwu Daxue: boxi Tianci zhuang 東吳大學:博習天賜庄 [Soochow University: Broad learning in Tianci Village]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu, 2003.
Wang Jiarong 汪家熔. “Hai tan **dai chubanren de wenhua zhuiqiu” 還談**代出 版人的文化追求 [More thoughts on the cultural pursuits of modern publishing figures]. Zhongguo bianji 2 (2004): 71–76.
Wang Tao 王韜. Taoyuan wen xinbian 弢園文新編 [Wang Tao writings, new compilation]. Hong Kong: Sanlian, 1998.
———. Bianfa ziqiang (Reform for the purpose of self-strengthening). In Wang Tao, Taoyuan wen xinbian 弢園文新編. Hong Kong: Sanlian, 1998, 35–37.
Wang **nrong 王馨榮. Tianci zhuang: xifeng xiezhaoli 天賜庄:西風斜照裡 [Tianci village: Amidst the decline of the Western fashion]. Nan**g: Dongnan daxue, 2004.
Wang Yongjian 王永健. <Suzhou qiren>. Huang Moxi **zhuan <蘇州奇人> 黃摩西評傳[<The eccentric from Suzhou>: A critical biography of Huang Moxi]. Suzhou: Suzhou daxue, 2000.
Wang Zhen 王震. “Ji Shijie Shuju chuangbanren Shen Zhifang” 記世界書局創辦人沈知方 [In memory of the founder of the World Book Company, Shen Zhifang]. In Zhongguo chuban shiliao• **dai bufen 中國出版史料•**代部分 (Historical materials on Chinese publishing: contemporary section), edited by Song Yuanfang 宋原放, juan 3, 479–492. Wuhan: Hubei jiaoyu, 2004.
Wu Mei 吳梅, “Huang Ren Moxi” 黃人摩西 [Huang Ren Moxi]. In Huang Ren ji by Huang Ren. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
———. Zhongguo xiqu gailun 中國戲曲概論 [General principles of Chinese drama]. Shanghai: Datong shuju, 1925.
**ao Tui 蕭蛻. “Huang Moxi yigao xu” 黃摩西遺稿序 [Preface to Huang Moxi’s posthumous manuscripts]. 1924. Reprinted in Huang Ren ji, by Huang Ren. Edited by Jiang Qingbo 江慶柏 and Cao Peigen 曹培根, 358. Shanghai: Shanghai wenhua, 2001.
**nxue da congshu 新學大叢書 [A comprehensive collection of new learning]. Shanghai: Jishanqiao, 1903.
**ong Yuezhi 熊月之. **xue dongjian yu wan Qing shehui 西學東漸與晚清社會 [Parallel title: Dissemination of western knowledge and the late Qing society]. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin, 1994.
Yan Fu 嚴復. Yan Fu ji 嚴復集 [The writings of Yan Fu]. Bei**g: Zhonghua, 1986.
———. “Yingwen baike quanshu **lun” 英文百科全書評論 [Review of the Encyclopaedia Britannica]. Huanqiu Zhongguo xueshengbao, vols. 5–6 (1907).
Yang **ong 楊雄. Fayan yishu 法言 義疏 [Model sayings, annotated]. Commentary by Wang Rongbao 王榮寳. 2 vols. Bei**g: Zhonghua, 1987.
Yinbing 飲冰 [=Liang Qichao 梁啟超]. “Lun xiaoshuo yu qunzhi zhi guanxi” 論小說與群治之關系 [On the relationship between fiction and the government of the people]. **n xiaoshuo 1 (1902): 1–8.
Zhang Manjuan 張曼娟 et al., eds. Kanke yu rongyao: Dongwu Daxue jianxiao bainain **ian wenji 坎坷與榮耀: 東吳大學建校百年紀念文集 [Hardship and honor: a collection of essays for the centenary of the establishment of Soochow University]. Taipei: Shulin, 2000.
Zhang Qifu 張圻福, ed. Suzhou daxue shi 蘇州大學校史 [History of Suzhou universities]. Nan**g: Jiangsu renmin, 1992.
Zhang Jiang 章絳 [=Zhang Taiyan 章太炎]. “Wenxue lunlüe” 文學論略 [A Sketch of Literature]. Guocui xuebao 21 (=2.9) (1906): Wenpian 文篇4b–7b; 22 (=2.10) (1906): Wenpian 文篇 1b–5a; 23 (=2.11) (1906): Wenpian 文篇 1b–4b.
Zheng Guanying 鄭觀應. “Shengshi weiyan” 盛世危言 [Words of Warning to a Prosperous Age]. In Zheng Guanying ji 鄭觀應集, edited by **a Dongyuan 夏東元 , 1: 299–300. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin, 1982.
Zheng Yimei 鄭逸梅. “Guoxue fulun she chuban ji zhong juzhu” 國學扶輪社出版幾種巨著 [A few great works published by the Society for the Preservation of National Learning]. In Wenyuan huaxu by Zheng Yimei. Bei**g: Zhonghua, 2005.
———. Wenyuan huaxu 文苑花絮 [Tidbits from the garden of literature]. Bei**g: Zhonghua, 2005.
Zhong Shaohua 鐘少華. Renlei zhishi de xin gongju: Zhong-Ri **dai baike quanshu yanjiu 人類知識的新工具: 中日**代百科全書研究 [A new tool of human knowledge: A study of early modern encyclopaedias in China and Japan]. Bei**g: Bei**g tushuguan, 1996.
———, ed. “Qing mo baike quanshu jieshao” 清末百科全書介紹 [Introduction to late Qing Encyclopaedias]. In Ciyu de zhihui – Qing mo baike quanshu tiaomu xuan 詞語的知惠 – 清末百科全書條目選 by Zhong Shaohua 鐘少華, 1–32. Guiyang: Guizhou jiaoyu, 2000.
Zhu Dawen 朱大文 and Ling Gengyang 淩賡颺, comp. Wanguo zhengzhi yixue quanshu 萬國政治藝學全書 [A compendium of the governance and technical learning of all nations]. Shanghai: Hongwen shuju, 1901.
Zhu Lianbao 朱聯保. **xiandai Shanghai chubanye yinxiang ji **現代上海出版業印象記 [Records of impressions of the modern and contemporary Shanghai publishing industries]. Shanghai: Xuelin, 1993
Zgusta, Ladislav, see Ladisilafu Cigusita
Zuo Yuhe 左玉河. Cong sibu zhi xue dao qike zhi xue: xueshu fenke yu **dai Zhongguo zhishi xitong de chuangjian 從四部之學到七科之學:學術分科與**代中國知識系統之創建 [From the learning of the Four Sections to that of the study of the seven-categories: academic classification and the creation of a modern Chinese knowledge system]. Shanghai: Shanghai shudian, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
**yuan, C. (2014). “Wenxue” in the Purview of Late Qing Encyclopaedias and Textbooks: With a Focus on Huang Ren’s Activities as Compiler. In: Doleželová-Velingerová, M., Wagner, R. (eds) Chinese Encyclopaedias of New Global Knowledge (1870-1930). Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35916-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35916-3_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-35915-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-35916-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawSocial Sciences (R0)