SpringerLink
Log in

Nanodiamonds

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter presents a brief survey of the different classes of nanodiamond particles and a comparison of their purity, structure, and physical properties. The primary focus of this chapter is on nanodiamond particles produced by detonation shock wave-assisted synthesis, thus harnessing the energy of explosives. Selected applications of nanodiamond particles are discussed, including for polishing, as a filler material for nanocomposites, in drug delivery, and for chemical vapor deposition of diamond films.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

1-D:

one-dimensional

2-D:

two-dimensional

3-D:

three-dimensional

APES:

aminopropyltrimethoxysilane

BSA:

bovine serum albumina

CMP:

chemical–mechanical planarization

CNT:

carbon nanotube

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DLC:

diamond-like carbon

DMSO:

dimethyl sulfoxide

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DND:

detonation nanodiamond

Dox:

doxorubicin

EELS:

electron energy-loss spectroscopy

EM:

electromagnetic

EMI:

electromagnetic interference

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

FND:

fluorescent carboxylated HPHT ND

HCI:

highly charged ion

HNS:

hot neutron source

HPHT:

high-pressure high-temperature

HRTEM:

high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

LCD:

liquid-crystal display

LED:

light-emitting diode

MRR:

material removal rate

MWCNT:

multiwalled carbon nanotube

MWNT:

multiwalled nanotubes

NC:

nanocrystalline

ND:

nanodiamond

NDO:

ozone-modified nanodiamond

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester

NV:

nitrogen-vacancy

ODA:

octadecylamine

OLC:

onion-like carbon

OLED:

organic light-emitting diode

PDMS:

polydimethylsiloxane

PL:

photoluminescence

PLLA:

poly(l-lactic) acid

PTFE:

polytetrafluoroethylene

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

SAXS:

small-angle x-ray scattering

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SWCNT:

single-walled carbon nanotube

TAMRA:

tetramethylrhodamine

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TNT:

2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

UNCD:

ultrananocrystalline diamond

UV:

ultraviolet

UVR:

ultraviolet radiation

Van:

vancomycin

WC:

tungsten carbide

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

bioMEMS:

biological microelectromechanical system

siRNA:

silenced RNA

References

  1. P.S. DeCarli, J.C. Jamieson: Formation of diamond by explosive shock, Science 133(3467), 1821–1822 (1961)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. V.V. Danilenko: On the history of the discovery of nanodiamond synthesis, Phys. Solid State 46(4), 595–599 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. N.R. Greiner, D.S. Phillips, J.D. Johnson, F. Volk: Diamonds in detonation soot, Nature 333, 440–442 (1988)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Osawa: Recent progress and perspectives in single-digit nanodiamond, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16(12), 2018–2022 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. F. Jelezko, T. Gaebel, I. Popa, A. Gruber, J. Wrachtrup: Observation of coherent oscillations in a single electron spin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(7), 076401–076405 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. G. Balasubramanian, I.Y. Chan, R. Kolesov, M. Al-Hmoud, J. Tisler, C. Shin, C. Kim, A. Wojcik, P.R. Hemmer, A. Krueger, T. Hanke, A. Leitenstorfer, R. Bratschitsch, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup: Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions, Nature 455, 648–651 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. Krueger: Diamond nanoparticles: Jewels for chemistry and physics, Adv. Mater. 20(12), 2445–2449 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A.M. Schrand, H.J. Huang, C. Carlson, J.J. Schlager, E. Omacr Sawa, S.M. Hussain, L. Dai: Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic?, J. Phys. Chem. B 111(1), 2–7 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A.M. Schrand, L. Dai, J.J. Schlager, S.M. Hussain, E. Osawa: Differential biocompatibility of carbon nanotubes and nanodiamonds, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16(12), 2118–2123 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J.A. Chang, Y. Jallouli, A. Barras, N. Dupont, D. Betbeder: Drug delivery to the brain using colloidal carriers, Prog. Brain Res. 180, 3–17 (2009)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y.-R. Chang, H.-Y. Lee, K. Chen, C.-C. Chang, D.-S. Tsai, C.-C. Fu, T.-S. Lim, Y.-K. Tzeng, C.-Y. Fang, C.-C. Han, H.-C. Chang, W. Fann: Mass production and dynamic imaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds, Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 284–288 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J.-P. Boudou, P.A. Curmi, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, P. Aubert, M. Sennour, G. Balasubramanian, R. Reuter, A. Thorel, E. Gaffet: High yield fabrication of fluorescent nanodiamonds, Nanotechnology 20, 235602 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Y. Gogotsi, S. Welz, D.A. Ersoy, M.J. McNallan: Conversion of silicon carbide to crystalline diamond-structured carbon at ambient pressure, Nature 411, 283–287 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. T.L. Daulton, M.A. Kirk, R.S. Lewis, L.E. Rehn: Production of nanodiamonds by high-energy ion irradiation of graphite at room temperature, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 175, 12–18 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. F. Banhart, P.M. Ajayan: Carbon onion as nanoscopic pressure cell for diamond formation, Nature, 382, 433–437 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. G.W. Yang, J.B. Wang, Q.X. Liu: Preparation of nano-crystalline diamonds using pulsed laser induced reactive quenching, J. Phys. D 10, 7923–7928 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Frenklach, W. Howard, D. Huang, J. Yuan, K.E. Spear, R. Koba: Induced nucleation of diamond powder, Appl. Phys. Lett. 59(5), 546–548 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. O. Guillois, G. Ledoux, C. Reynaud: Diamond infrared emission bands in circumstellar media, Astrophys. J. 521, L133–L136 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Goto, T. Henning, A. Kouchi, H. Takami, Y. Hayano, T. Usuda, N. Takato, H. Terada, S. Oya, C. Jäger, A.C. Andersen: Spatially resolved 3 μ m spectroscopy of Elias 1: Origin of diamonds in protoplanetary disks, Astrophys. J. 693, 610–616 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J.A. Viecelli, S. Bastea, J.N. Glosli, F.H. Ree: Phase transformations of nanometer size carbon particles in shocked hydrocarbons and explosives, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 2730–2735 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. V.V. Danilenko: Nanocarbon phase diagram and conditions for detonation nanodiamond formation. In: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, NATO Sci. Ser. II, Math. Phys. Chem., Vol. 192, ed. by D.M. Gruen, O.A. Shenderova, A.Y. Vulʼ (Springer, Dordrecht 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  22. G. Chevrot, E. Bourasseau, N. Pineau, J.-B. Maillet: Molecular dynamics simulations of nanocarbons at high pressure and temperature, Carbon 47, 3392–3402 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. P. Badziag, W.S. Verwoerd, W.P. Ellis, N.R. Greiner: Nanometre-sized diamonds are more stable than graphite, Nature 343, 244–245 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N.W. Winter, F.H. Ree: Carbon particle phase stability as a function of size, J. Comput.-Aided Mater. Des. 5, 279–294 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.S. Barnard, S.P. Russo, I.K. Snook: Structural relaxation and relative stability of nanodiamond morphologies, Diam. Relat. Mater. 12, 1867–1873 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A.S. Barnard, S.P. Russo, I.K. Snook: Size dependent phase stability of carbon nanoparticles: Nanodiamond versus fullerenes, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5094–5098 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A.S. Barnard, S.P. Russo, I.K. Snook: Ab initio modelling of stability of nanodiamond morphologies, Philos. Mag. Lett. 83, 39–42 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A.S. Barnard, M. Sternberg: Crystallinity and surface electrostatics of diamond nanocrystals, J. Mater. Chem. 17, 4811–4819 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A.S. Barnard, S.P. Russo, I.K. Snook: Coexistence of bucky diamond with nanodiamond and fullerene carbon phases, Phys. Rev. B, 68, 73406–73410 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.Y. Raty, G. Galli: Ultradispersivity of diamond at the nanoscale, Nat. Mater. 2(12), 792–795 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J.E. Dahl, S.G. Liu, R.M.K. Carlson: Isolation and structure of higher diamondoids nanometer-sized diamond molecules, Science 299, 96–102 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Lai, A.S. Barnard: Modeling the thermostability of surface functionalisation by oxygen, hydroxyl, and water on nanodiamonds, Nanoscale 3, 2566–2575 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. L. Lai, A.S. Barnard: Stability of nanodiamond surfaces exposed to N, NH, and NH2, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 6218–6228 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A.E. Aleksenskii, M.V. Baidakova, A.Y. Vulʼ, V.I. Siklitskii: The structure of diamond nanoclusters, Phys. Solid State 41, 668–671 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. O.O. Mykhaylyk, Y.M. Solonin, D.N. Batchelder, R.J. Brydson: Transformation of nanodiamond into carbon onions: A comparative study by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, small-angle x-ray scattering, and ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy, J. Appl. Phys. 97(7), 074302 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. L. Hawelek, A. Brodka, J.C. Dore, V. Honkimaki, S. Tomita, A. Burian: Structural studies of nanodiamond by high-energy X-ray diffraction, Diam. Relat. Mater. 17, 1186–1193 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. I.I. Kulakova: Chemistry of nanodiamond surface, Solid State. Phys. 46(4), 621–629 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. Baidakova, A. Vulʼ: New prospects and frontiers of nanodiamond clusters, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40(20), 6300–6311 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. V.L. Kuznetsov, Y.V. Butenko: Diamond phase transitions. In: Ultra-Nanocrystalline Diamond: Syntheses, Properties and Applications, ed. by O. Shenderova, D. Gruen (Andrew, New York 2006) pp. 405–463

    Google Scholar 

  40. A. Aleksenskiy, M. Baidakova, V. Osipov, A. Vulʼ: The fundamental properties and characteristics of nanodiamonds. In: Nanodiamonds, ed. by D. Ho (Springer, New York 2010) pp. 55–79

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Turner, O.I. Lebedev, O. Shenderova, I.I. Vasov, J. Verbeeck, G.V. Tendeloo: Determination of size, morphology and nitrogen impurity location in treated detonation nanodiamond by transmission electron microscopy, Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(13), 2116–2124 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. I.I. Vlasov, O. Shenderova, S. Turner, I.I. Vlasov, O. Shenderova, S. Turner, O.I. Lebedev, A.A. Basov, I. Sildos, M. Rahn, A.A. Shiryaev, G. Van Tendeloo: Nitrogen and luminescent nitrogen-vacancy defects in detonation nanodiamond, Small 6(5), 687–694 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. T. Tyler, V.V. Zhirnov, A.V. Kvit, D. Kang, J.J. Hren: Electron emission from diamond nanoparticles on metal tips, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(17), 2904–2906 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. Hu, J. Sun, X. Du, F. Tian, L. Jiang: The formation of multiply twinning structure and photoluminescence of well-dispersed nanodiamonds produced by pulsed-laser irradiation, Diam. Relat. Mater. 17, 142–146 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. Welz, Y. Gogotsi, M.J. McNallan: Nucleation, growth, and graphitization of diamond nanocrystals during chlorination of carbides, J. Appl. Phys. 93, 4207 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. P.W. Chen, Y.S. Ding, Q. Chen, F.L. Huang, S.R. Yun: Spherical nanometer-sized diamond obtain from detonation, Diamond Rel. Mater. 9, 1722–1729 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. K. Iakoubovskii, K. Mitsuishi, K. Furuya: High-resolution electron microscopy of detonation nanodiamond, Nanotechnology 19, 155705–155710 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. O.A. Shenderova, V.V. Zhirnov, D.W. Brenner: Carbon nanostructures, Crit. Rev. Solid State 27, 227–356 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. O. Shenderova, D. Gruen (Eds.): Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (William Andrew, Norwich 2006)

    Google Scholar 

  50. H. Schwertfeger, A.A. Fokin, P.R. Schreiner: Diamonds are a chemistʼs best friend: Diamondoid chemistry beyond adamantane, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 1022–1036 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R.M.K. Carlson, J.E.P. Dahl, S.G. Liu: Diamond molecules found in petroleum. In: Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, NATO Sci. Ser. II, Math. Phys. Chem., Vol. 192, ed. by D.M Gruen, O.A. Shenderova, A.Y. Vulʼ (Springer, Dordrecht 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  52. V.F. Tatsii, A.V. Bochko, G.S. Oleinik: Structure and properties of dalan detonation diamonds, Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 45(1), 95–103 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. V.V. Danilenko: Synthesis and Sintering of Diamond by Explosion (Moscow, Energoatomizdat 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  54. V.Y. Dolmatov: Detonation synthesis ultradispersed diamonds (Russian edition) (Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnic Univ., Saint-Petersburg 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  55. P.S. DeCarli: Method of making diamond, US Patent 3238019 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  56. V.V. Danilenko: On the discovery of detonation nanodiamond. In: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, ed. by O.A. Shenderova, D.M. Gruen (William Andrew, Norwich 2006) pp. 335–344

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. G.R. Cowan, N.J. Woodbury, B.W. Dunnington, P. Wood, A.H. Holtzman: Process for synthesizing diamond, US Patent 3401019 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  58. G.A. Adadurov, A.V. Baluev, O.N. Breusov, V.N. Drobyshev, A.I. Rogacheva, A.M. Sapegin, V.F. Tatsii: Some properties of diamonds produced by an explosive method, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Neorg. Mater. 13(4), 649–653 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. V.V. Danilenko: Explosion Physics, Technique, Technology (Moscow, Energoatomizdat 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  60. J.A. Viecelli, F.H. Ree: Carbon particle phase transformation kinetics in detonation waves, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 683–690 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. A.L. Vereschagin: Properties of Detonation Nanodiamonds (Barnaul State Technical Univ., Altay Region 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  62. V.Y. Dolmatov: Detonation synthesis ultradispersed diamonds: Properties and applications, Russ. Chem. Rev. 70, 607–626 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. K.B. Holt: Diamond at the nanoscale: Applications of diamond nanoparticles from cellular biomarkers to quantum computing, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 365, 2845–2861 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. A.M. Schrand, S.A. Hens, O.A. Shenderova: Nanodiamond particles: Properties and perspectives for bioapplications, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 34(1), 18–74 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. J.Y. Raty, G. Galli, C. Bostedt, T.W. Van Buuren, L.J. Terminello: Quantum confinement and fullerenelike surface reconstructions in nanodiamonds, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 037401 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. G.S. Yurʼev, V.Y. Dolmatov: X-ray diffraction study of detonation nanodiamonds, J. Superhard Mater. 32(5), 29–50 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  67. O. Shenderova, I. Vlasov, S. Turner, G. Van Tendeloo, S.B. Orlinskii, A.A. Shiryaev, A.A. Khomich, S.N. Sulyanov, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup: Nitrogen control in nanodiamond produced by detonation shock-wave-assisted synthesis, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 14014–14024 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. J.W. Ager, D.K. Veirs, G.M. Rosenblatt: Spatially resolved Raman studies of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition, Phys. Rev. B 43, 6491 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. M. Núñez-Regueiro, P. Monceau, J.-L. Hodeau: Crushing C60 to diamond at room temperature, Nature 355, 237–239 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. L.M. Cao, C.X. Gao, H.P. Sun, G.T. Zou, Z. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, M. He, M. Zhang, Y.C. Li, J. Zhang, D.Y. Dai, L.L. Sun, W.K. Wang: Synthesis of diamond from carbon nanotubes under high pressure and high temperature, Carbon 39, 311–317 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Y.Z. Ma, G.T. Zou, H.B. Yang, J.F. Meng: Conversion of fullerenes to diamond under high pressure and high temperature, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 822–826 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. H. Yusa: Nanocrystalline diamond directly transformed from carbon nanotubes under high pressure, Diam. Relat. Mater. 11, 87–91 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. A.A. Soltamova, I.V. Ilyin, F.M. Shakhov, S.V. Kidalov, A.Y. Vul, B.V. Yavkin, G.V. Mamin, S.B. Orlinskii, P.G. Baranov: Electron paramagnetic resonance detection of the giant concentration of nitrogen vacancy defects in sintered detonation nanodiamonds, JETP Lett. 92(2), 106–110 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. M. Frenklach, R. Kematick, D. Huang, W. Howard, K.E. Spear, A.W. Phelps, R. Koba: Homogeneous nucleation of diamond powder in the gas phase, J. Appl. Phys. 66, 395–399 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. P.R. Buerki, S. Leutwyler: Homogeneous nucleation of diamond powder by CO2 laser-driven reactions, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 3739–3745 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. C.C. Ting, T. Young, C.S. Jwo: Fabrication of diamond nanopowder using microwave plasma torch technique, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 34, 316–322 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. A. Ay, V.M. Swope, G.M. Swain: The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of 100 and 500 nm diameter diamond powders coated with boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond, J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(10), B1013–B1022 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. P. Wesolowski, Y. Lyutovich, F. Banhart, H.D. Carstanjen, H. Kronmüller: Formation of diamond in carbon onions under MeV ion irradiation, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1948–1951 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. T. Meguro, M. Hida, M. Suzuki, Y. Koguchi, H. Takai, Y. Yamamoto, K. Maeda, Y. Aoyagi: Creation of nanodiamonds by single impacts of highly charged ions upon graphite, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3866–3870 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. G.W. Yang: Laser ablation in liquids: Applications in the synthesis of nanocrystals, Progr. Mater. Sci. 52, 648–698 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. S.R.J. Pearce, S.J. Henley, F. Claeyssens, P.W. May, K.R. Hallam, J.A. Smith, K.N. Rosser: Production of nanocrystalline diamond by laser ablation at the solid/liquid interface, Diam. Relat. Mater. 13, 661–665 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. V.D. Fedoseev, V.L. Bukhovets, I.G. Varshavskaya, A.V. Lavrentev, B.V. Derjaguin: Transition of graphite into diamond in a solid state under the atmospheric pressure, Carbon 21, 237–243 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. B. Wei, J. Zhang, J. Liang, D. Wu: The mechanism of phase transformation from carbon nanotube to diamond, Carbon 36, 997–1002 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. H.G. Flynn: Method and means for converting graphite to diamond, US Patent 4563341 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  85. C.E. Brennen: Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics (Oxford Univ., Oxford 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  86. E.M. Galimov, S. Kudin, V.N. Skorobogatski, V.G. Plotnichenko, O.L. Bondarev, B.G. Zarubin, V.V. Strazdovskii, A.S. Aronin, A.V. Fisenko, I.V. Bykov: Experimental corroboration of the synthesis of diamond in the cavitation process, Dokl. Phys. 49, 150–156 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. A.K. Khachatryan, S. Aloyan, P.W. May, R. Sargsyan, V.A. Khachatryan, V.S. Baghdasaryan: Graphite-to-diamond transformation induced by ultrasonic cavitation, Diam. Relat. Mater. 17(6), 931–937 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. A. Nikitin, Y. Gogotsi: Nanostructured carbide-derived carbon. In: Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, ed. by H.S. Nalwa (American Scientific, Valencia 2004) pp. 553–574

    Google Scholar 

  89. I. Larionova, V. Kuznetsov, A. Frolov, O. Shenderova, S. Moseenkov, I. Mazov: Properties of individual fractions of detonation nanodiamond, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15, 1804–1808 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. A. Krüger, M. Ozawa, F. Kataoka, T. Fu**o, Y. Suzuki, A.E. Aleksenskii, A.Y. Vulʼ, E. Osawa: Unusually tight aggregation in detonation nanodiamond: Identification and disintegration, Carbon 43(8), 1722–1730 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. H. Huang, E. Pierstorff, E. Osawa, D. Ho: Active nanodiamond hydrogels for chemotherapeutic delivery, Nano Lett. 7, 3305–3314 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. V.Y. Dolmatov: Detonation nanodiamonds: Synthesis, structure properties and applications, Usp. Khim. 76(4), 375–397 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. I. Petrov, O. Shenderova: History of Russian patents on detonation nanodiamonds. In: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, ed. by O.A. Shenderova, D.M. Gruen (William Andrew, Norwich 2006) pp. 559–589

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  94. I. Petrov, O. Shenderova, V. Grishko, V. Grichko, T. Tyler, G. Cunningham, G. Mcguire: Detonation nanodiamonds simultaneously purified and modified by gas treatment, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16, 2098–2103 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. O. Shenderova, A. Koscheev, N. Zaripov, I. Petrov, Y. Skryabin, P. Detkov, S. Turner, G. Van Tendeloo: Surface chemistry and properties of ozone-purified detonation nanodiamonds, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 9827–9837 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. I.S. Larionova, I.N. Molostov, L.S. Kulagina, V.F. Komarov: Method of purification of synthetic ultradispersed diamonds, Patent RU 2168462 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  97. D. Mitev, R. Dimitrova, M. Spassova, C. Minchev, S. Stavrev: Surface peculiarities of detonation nanodiamonds in dependence of fabrication and purification methods, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16, 776 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. S. Osswald, G. Yushin, V. Mochalin, S.O. Kucheyev, Y. Gogotsi: Control of sp2/sp3 carbon ratio and surface chemistry of nanodiamond powders by selective oxidation in air, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128(35), 11635–11642 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. S.I. Chukhaeva, P. Detkov, A. Tkachenko, A. Toropov: Physicochemical properties of fractions isolated from ultradispersed diamonds, Superhard Mater. 4, 29–36 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  100. O. Shenderova, I. Petrov, J. Walsh, V. Grichko, V. Grichko, T. Tyler: Modification of detonation nanodiamonds by heat treatment in air, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15(11/12), 1799–1803 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. V. Grichko, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond designing the bioplatform. In: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, ed. by O.A Shenderova, D.M. Gruen (William-Andrew, Norwich 2006) pp. 529–557

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  102. Y. Morita, T. Takimoto, H. Yamanaka, K. Kumekawa, S. Morino, S. Aonuma, T. Kimura, N. Komatsu: A facile and scalable process for size-controllable separation of nanodiamond particles as small as 4 nm, Small 4, 2154–2160 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. M. Ozawa, M. Inaguma, M. Takahashi, F. Kataoka, A. Kruger, E. Osawa: Preparation and behavior of brownish, clear nanodiamond colloids, Adv. Mater. 19, 1201 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. H.J. Huang, L.M. Dai, D.H. Wang, L.S. Tan, E. Osawa: Large-scale self-assembly of dispersed nanodiamonds, J. Mater. Chem. 18, 1347–1355 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. A. Pentecost, S. Gour, V. Mochalin, I. Knoke, Y. Gogotsi: De-aggregation of nanodiamond powders using salt- and sugar-assisted milling, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2(11), 3289–3294 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. K. Xu, Q.J. Xue: A new method for deaggregation of nanodiamond from explosive detonation: Graphitization-oxidation method, Phys. Solid State 46, 649–650 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. A. Krueger, J. Stegk, Y. Liang, L. Lu, G. Jarre: Biotinylated nanodiamond: Simple and efficient functionalization of detonation diamond, Langmuir 24, 4200–4204 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. N. Gibson, O. Shenderova, T.J.M. Luo, S. Moseenkov, V. Bondar, A. Puzyr, K. Purtov, Z. Fitzgerald, D.W. Brenner: Colloidal stability of modified nanodiamond particles, Diam. Relat. Mater. 18(4), 620–626 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. V.S. Bondar, A.P. Puzyr: Nanodiamonds for biological investigations, Phys. Solid State 46(4), 716–719 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. S.C. Hens, G. Cunningham, T. Tyler, S. Moseenkov, V. Kuznetsov, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond bioconjugate probes and their collection by electrophoresis, Diam. Relat. Mater. 17(11), 1858–1866 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. A. Krueger, Y.J. Liang, G. Jarre, J. Stegk: Surface functionalization of detonation diamond suitable for biological applications, J. Mater. Chem. 16(24), 2322–2328 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Y.L. Zhong, K.P. Loh: The chemistry of C–H bond activation on diamond, Chem. Asian J. 5(7), 1532–1540 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. T. Tsubota, S. Tanii, S. Ida, M. Nagata, Y. Matsumoto: Chemical modification of diamond surface with various carboxylic acids by radical reaction in liquid phase, Diam. Relat. Mater. 13(4-8), 1093–1097 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. T. Tsubota, T. Ohno, H. Yoshida, K. Kusakabe: Introduction of molecules containing a NO2 group on diamond surface by using radical reaction in liquid phase, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15(4-8), 668–672 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Y. Liu, V.N. Khabashesku, N.J. Halas: Fluorinated nanodiamond as a wet chemistry precursor for diamond coatings covalently bonded to glass surface, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127(11), 3712–3713 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. T. Nakamura, M. Hasegawa, K. Tsugawa, T. Ohana, M. Ishihara, Y. Koga: Photochemical modification of nanodiamond films with perfluorooctyl functionalities, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15(4–8), 678–681 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. M.A. Ray, O. Shenderova, W. Hook, A. Martin, V. Grishko, T. Tyler, G.B. Cunningham, G. McGuire: Cold plasma functionalization of nanodiamond particles, Diam. Relat. Mater. 15(11/12), 1809–1812 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Y. Liu, Z.N. Gu, J.L. Margrave, V.N. Khabashesku: Functionalization of nanoscale diamond powder: Fluoro-, alkyl-, amino- and amino acid-nanodiamond derivatives, Chem. Mater. 16(20), 3924–3930 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. E.K. Chow, X.Q. Zhang, M. Chen, R. Lam, E. Robinson, H.J. Huang, D. Schaffer, E. Osawa, A. Goga, D. Ho: Nanodiamond therapeutic delivery agents mediate enhanced chemoresistant tumor treatment, Sci. Transl. Med. 3(73), 10 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  120. W.S. Yeap, Y.Y. Tan, K.P. Loh: Using detonation nanodiamond for the specific capture of glycoproteins, Anal. Chem. 80, 4659–4665 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. V.N. Mochalin, Y. Gogotsi: Wet chemistry route to hydrophobic blue fluorescent nanodiamond, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(13), 4594 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. W.S. Yeap, S.M. Chen, K.P. Loh: Detonation nanodiamond: An organic platform for the Suzuki coupling of organic molecules, Langmuir 25(1), 185–191 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Y.J. Liang, T. Meinhardt, G. Jarre, M. Ozawa, P. Vrdoljak, A. Schöll, F. Reinert, A. Krueger: Deagglomeration and surface modification of thermally annealed nanoscale diamond, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 354(1), 23–30 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. D. Lang, A. Krueger: The Prato reaction on nanodiamond: Surface functionalization by formation of pyrrolidine rings, Diam. Relat. Mater. 20(2), 101–104 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. G. Jarre, Y.J. Liang, P. Betz, D. Lang, A. Krueger: Playing the surface game – Diels–Alder reactions on diamond nanoparticles, Chem. Commun. 47(1), 544–546 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. T. Meinhardt, D. Lang, H. Dill, A. Krueger: Pushing the functionality of diamond nanoparticles to new horizons: Orthogonally functionalized nanodiamond using click chemistry, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21(3), 494–500 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. I.P. Chang, K.C. Hwang, J.A.A. Ho, C.C. Lin, R.J.R. Hwu, J.C. Horng: Facile surface functionalization of nanodiamonds, Langmuir 26(5), 3685–3689 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. I. Cha, K. Shirai, K. Fujiki, T. Yamauchi, N. Tsubokawa: Suface grafting of polymers onto nanodiamond by ligand-exchange reaction of ferrocene moieties of polymers with polycondensed aromatic rings of the surface, Diam. Relat. Mater. 20(3), 439–444 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. L. Li, J.L. Davidson, C.M. Lukehart: Surface functionalization of nanodiamond particles via atom transfer radical polymerization, Carbon 44(11), 2308–2315 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. R.A. Shimkunas, E. Robinson, R. Lam, S. Lu, X.Y. Xu, X.Q. Zhang, H.J. Huang, E. Osawa, D. Ho: Nanodiamond-insulin complexes as pH-dependent protein delivery vehicles, Biomaterials 30(29), 5720–5728 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. H.J. Huang, E. Pierstorff, E. Osawa, D. Ho: Protein-mediated assembly of nanodiamond hydrogels into a biocompatible and biofunctional multilayer nanofilm, ACS Nano 2, 203–212 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. J. Li, Y. Zhu, W. Li, X. Zhang, Y. Peng, Q. Huang: Nanodiamonds as intracellular transporters of chemotherapeutic drug, Biomaterials 31(32), 8410–8418 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. L.C. Huang, H.C. Chang: Adsorption and immobilization of cytochrome c on nanodiamonds, Langmuir 20(14), 5879–5884 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. V. Grichko, V. Grishko, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond bullets and their biological targets, Nanobiotechnology 2, 37–42 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  135. M. Chen, X.Q. Zhang, H.B. Man, R. Lam, E.K. Chow, D.A. Ho: Nanodiamond vectors functionalized with polyethylenimine for siRNA delivery, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1(21), 3167–3171 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. P. Zhang, J.H. Yang, W.C. Li, W. Wang, C.J. Liu, M. Griffith, W.G. Liu: Cationic polymer brush grafted-nanodiamond via atom transfer radical polymerization for enhanced gene delivery and bioimaging, J. Mater. Chem. 21, 7755–7764 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. P. Neumann, J. Beck, M. Steiner, F. Rempp, H. Fedder, P.R. Hemmer, J. Wrachtrup, F. Jelezko: Single-shot readout of a single nuclear spin, Science 329, 542–544 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. J.R. Maze, P.L. Stanwix, J.S. Hodges, S. Hong, J.M. Taylor, P. Cappellaro, L. Jiang, M.V. Gurudev Dutt, E. Togan, A.S. Zibrov, A. Yacoby, R.L. Walsworth, M.D. Lukin: Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond, Nature 455, 644–647 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. C. Bradac, T. Gaebel, N. Naidoo, M. Sellars, J. Twamley, L. Brown, A. Barnard, T. Plakhotnik, A. Zvyagin, J. Rabeau: Observation and control of blinking nitrogen-vacancy centres in discrete nanodiamonds, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 345–349 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. J. Tisler, R. Reuter, A. Lammle, F. Jelezko, G. Balasubramanian, P.R. Hemmer, F. Reinhard, J. Wrachtrup: Highly efficient FRET from a single nitrogen-vacancy center in nanodiamonds to a single organic molecule, ACS Nano 5, 7893–7898 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. J. Tisler, G. Balasubramanian, B. Naydenov, R. Kolesov, B. Grotz, R. Reuter, J.-P. Boudou, P.A. Curmi, M. Sennour, A. Thorel, M. Börsch, K. Aulenbacher, R. Erdmann, P.R. Hemmer, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup: Fluorescence and spin properties of defects in single digit nanodiamonds, ACS Nano 3, 1959–1965 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. L. Rondin, G. Dantelle, A. Slablab, F. Grosshans, F. Treussart, P. Bergonzo, S. Perruchas, T. Gacoin, M. Chaigneau, H.C. Chang: Surface-induced charge state conversion of nitrogen-vacancy defects in nanodiamonds, Phys. Rev. B 82, 115449 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. P.G. Baranov, A.A. Soltamova, D.O. Tolmachev, N.G. Romanov, R.A. Babunts, F.M. Shakhov, S.V. Kidalov, A.Y. Vulʼ, G.V. Mamin, S.B. Orlinskii, N.I. Silkin: Enormously high concentrations of fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy centers fabricated by sintering of detonation nanodiamonds, Small 7, 1533–1537 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. A.M. Schrand, J.B. Lin, S.C. Hens, S.M. Hussain: Temporal and mechanistic tracking of cellular uptake dynamics with novel surface fluorophore-bound nanodiamonds, Nanoscale 3(2), 435–445 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. O. Faklaris, V. Joshi, T. Irinopoulou, P. Tauc, M. Sennour, H. Girard, C. Gesset, J.-C. Arnault, A. Thorel, J.-P. Boudou, P.A. Curmi, F. Treussar: Photoluminescent diamond nanoparticles for cell labeling: Study of the uptake mechanism in mammalian cells, ACS Nano 3, 3955–3962 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. L.P. McGuinness, Y. Yan, A. Stacey, D.A. Simpson, L.T. Hall, D. Maclaurin, S. Prawer, P. Mulvaney, J. Wrachtrup, F. Caruso, R.E. Scholten, L.C.L. Hollenberg: Quantum measurement and orientation tracking of fluorescent nanodiamonds inside living cells, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 358–363 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. J.H. An, G.S. Lee, W.J. Lee, B.C. Shin, J.D. Seo, K.R. Ku, H.D. Seo, H.D. Jeong: Effect of process parameters on material removal rate in chemical mechanical polishing of 6H-SiC(0001), Mater. Sci. Forum 600-603, 831–837 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. V. Borjanović, W.G. Lawrence, S. Hens, M. Jakšić, I. Zamboni, C. Edson, I. Vlasov, O. Shenderova, G.E. McGuire: Effect of proton irradiation on photoluminescent properties of PDMS–nanodiamond composites, Nanotechnology 19(50), 509901–509909 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  149. O. Shenderova, C. Jones, V. Borjanović, S. Hens, G. Cunningham, S. Moseenkov, V. Kuznetsov, G. McGuire: Detonation nanodiamond and onion-like carbon: Applications in composites, Phys. Status Solidi A 205(9), 2245–2251 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. S. Hens, G. Cunningham, G. McGuire, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond-assisted dispersion of carbon nanotubes and hybrid nanocarbon-based composites, Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett. 3(1), 75–82 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. V. Grichko, T. Tyler, V. Grishko, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond particles forming photonic structures, Nanotechnology 19(22), 225201–225207 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. O. Shenderova, T. Tyler, G. Cunningham, M. Ray, J. Walsh, M. Casulli, S. Hens, G. McGuire, V. Kuznetsov, S. Lipa: Nanodiamond and onion-like carbon polymer nanocomposites, Diam. Relat. Mater 16(4/7), 1213–1217 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. J. Macutkevic, D. Seliuta, G. Valusis, J. Banys, V. Kuznetsov, S. Moseenkov, O. Shenderova: High dielectric permittivity of percolative composites based on onion-like carbon, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(11), 112901–112905 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. O. Shenderova, V. Grishko, G. Cunningham, S. Moseenkov, G. McGuire, V. Kuznetsov: Onion-like carbon for terahertz electromagnetic shielding, Diam. Rel. Mater. 17(4/5), 462–466 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. V. Borjanović, L. Bistričić, I. Vlasov, K. Furić, I. Zamboni, M. Jakšić, O. Shenderova: Influence of proton irradiation on the structure and stability of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)-nanodiamond composite, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, 2396–2404 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. S. Gupta, A.M. Scuttler, J. Farmer: Novel nanocarbon hybrids of single-walled carbon nanotubes and dispersed nanodiamond: Structure and hierarchical defects evolution irradiated with gamma rays, J. Appl. Phys. 107(10), 104308–104318 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. K.E. Prasad, B. Das, U. Maitra, U. Ramamurty, C.N.R. Rao: Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with two nanocarbons, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106(32), 13186–13189 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. V.Y. Dolmatov: Applications of Detonation Nanodiamond. In: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond, ed. by O.A. Shenderova, D.M. Gruen (William Andrew, Norwich 2006) pp. 513–527

    Google Scholar 

  159. Q.W. Zhang, V.N. Mochalin, I. Neitzel, I.Y. Knoke, J. Han, C.A. Klug, J.G. Zhou, P.I. Lelkes, Y. Gogotsi: Fluorescent PLLA-nanodiamond composites for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials 32(1), 87–94 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. I. Neitzel, V. Mochalin, I. Knoke, G.R. Palmese, Y. Gogotsi: Mechanical properties of epoxy composites with high contents of nanodiamond, Compos. Sci. Technol. 71(6), 710–716 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. M. Comet, V. Pichot, B. Siegert, F. Britz, D. Spitzer: Detonation nanodiamonds for do** Kevlar, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(7), 4286–4292 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. G.K. Burkat, V.Y. Dolmatov, E. Osawa, E.K. Orlova: A study of properties of chromium-diamond coatings using nanodiamonds from various producers, J. Superhard. Mater. 32(2), 98–111 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  163. D. Nunes, V. Livramento, U.V. Mardolcar, J.B. Correia, P.A. Carvalho: W-diamond/Cu-diamond nanostructured composites for fusion devices, J. Nucl. Mater. 426, 115–119 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. J.M. Martin, N. Ohmae (Eds.): Nanolubricants (Wiley, New York 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  165. V.Y. Dolmatov: Detonation nanodiamonds in oils and lubricants, J. Superhard Mater. 32(1), 14–20 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  166. M.G. Ivanov, V.V. Kharlamov, V.M. Buznik, D.M. Ivanov, S.G. Pavlushko, A.K. Tsvetnikov: Tribological properties of the grease containing polytetrafluorethylene and ultrafine diamond, Friction Wear 25(1), 99–105 (2004)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. M.G. Ivanov, S.V. Pavlyshko, D.M. Ivanov, I. Petrov, O. Shenderova: Synergistic compositions of colloidal nanodiamond as lubricant-additive, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 28, 869–878 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. M.G. Ivanov, S.V. Pavlyshko, D.M. Ivanov, I. Petrov, G. McGuire, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamonds particles as additives in lubricants, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 1203 (2009), 1203-J17-16

    Google Scholar 

  169. E. Oh, J.B. Delehanty, K.E. Sapsford, K. Susumu, R. Goswami, J.B. Blanco-Canosa, P.E. Dawson, J. Granek, M. Shoff, Q. Zhang, P.L. Goering, A. Huston, I.L. Medintz: Cellular uptake and fate of PEGylated gold nanoparticles is dependent on both cell-penetration peptides and particle size, ACS Nano 5(8), 6434–6448 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. V.L. Colvin: The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials, Nat. Biotechnol. 21(10), 1166–1170 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. L. Braydich-Stolle, S. Hussain, J.J. Schlager, M.C. Hofmann: In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells, Toxicol. Sci. 88(2), 412–419 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. S.M. Hussain, K.L. Hess, J.M. Gearhart, K.T. Geiss, J.J. Schlager: In vitro toxicity of nanoparticles in BRL 3A rat liver cells, Toxicol. In Vitro 19(7), 975–983 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Y. Yuan, Y. Chen, J.-H. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Liu: Biodistribution and fate of nanodiamonds in vivo, Diam. Relat. Mater. 18(1), 95–100 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. A. Nel, T. **a, L. Madler, N. Li: Toxic potential of materials at the nanolevel, Science 311(5761), 622–627 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. L. Zhao, T. Takimoto, M. Ito, N. Kitagawa, T. Kimura, N. Komatsu: Chromatographic separation of highly soluble diamond nanoparticles prepared by polyglycerol grafting, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50(6), 1388–1392 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. K.K. Liu, C.L. Cheng, C.C. Chang, J.I. Chao: Biocompatible and detectable carboxylated nanodiamond on human cell, Nanotechnology 18, 32 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  177. H.-C. Chang: Development and Use of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as Cellular Markers (Springer, New York 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  178. N. Mohan, C.S. Chen, H.H. Hsieh, Y.C. Wu, H.C. Chang: In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in Caenorhabditis elegans, Nano Lett. 10(9), 3692–3699 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. N. Kossovsky, A. Gelman, H.J. Hnatyszyn, S. Rajguru, R.L. Garrell, S. Torbati, S.S. Freitas, G.M. Chow: Surface-modified diamond nanoparticles as antigen delivery vehicles, Bioconjug. Chem. 6(5), 507–511 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. A.H. Smith, E.M. Robinson, X.Q. Zhang, E.K. Chow, Y. Lin, E. Osawa, J.Z. **, D.A. Ho: Triggered release of therapeutic antibodies from nanodiamond complexes, Nanoscale 3(7), 2844–2848 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. L.M. Manus, D.J. Mastarone, E.A. Waters, X.Q. Zhang, E.A. Schultz-Sikma, K.W. MacRenaris, D. Ho, T.J. Meade: Gd(III)-nanodiamond conjugates for MRI contrast enhancement, Nano Lett. 10(2), 484–489 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. C.-M. Sung, M. Sung, E. Sung: Healthcare and cosmetic compositions containing nanodiamond, US Patent 7294340 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  183. T.T.B. Nguyen, H.C. Chang, V.W.K. Wu: Adsorption and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme on diamond nanocrystallites, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16(4-7), 872–876 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. E. Perevedentseva, C.Y. Cheng, P.H. Chung, J.S. Tu, Y.H. Hsieh, C.L. Cheng: The interaction of the protein lysozyme with bacteria E. coli observed using nanodiamond labelling, Nanotechnology 18, 31 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. O. Shenderova, V. Grichko, S. Hens, J. Walsh: Detonation nanodiamonds as UV radiation filter, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16(12), 2003–2008 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. A.M. Zaitsev: Optical Properties of Diamond (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  187. M. Daenen, O.A. Williams, J. DʼHaen, K. Haenen, M. Nesladek: Seeding growth and characterization of nanocrystalline diamond films on various substrates, Phys. Status Solidi (a) 203(12), 3005–3010 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. O.A. Williams, O. Douheret, M. Daenen, K. Haenen, E. Osawa, M. Takahashi: Enhanced diamond nucleation on monodispersed nanocrystalline diamond, Chem. Phys. Lett. 445(4-6), 255–258 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. V.N. Anisimov, M.A. Zabezhinski, I.G. Popovich, A.I. Lieberman, J.L. Shmidt: Prevention of spontaneous and chemically-induced carcinogenesis using activated carbon fiber adsorbent. I. Effect of the activated carbon fiber adsorbent ʼAqualenʼ on spontaneous carcinogenesis and life-span in mice, Cancer Lett. 126(1), 23–28 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. V.N. Anisimov, M.A. Zabezhinski, I.G. Popovich, L.M. Berstein, I.G. Kovalenko, A.I. Lieberman, J.L. Shmidt: Prevention of spontaneous and chemically induced carcinogenesis using activated carbon fiber adsorbent. III. Inhibitory effect of the activated carbon fiber adsorbent ʼAqualenʼ on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal carcinogenesis in rats, Cancer Lett. 138(1/2), 27–35 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. T.D. Phillips: Dietary clay in the chemoprevention of aflatoxin-induced disease, Toxicol. Sci. 52(2), 118–126 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. N. Gibson, O. Shenderova, A. Puzyr, K. Purtov, V. Grichko, T.J.M. Luo, Z. Fitgerald, V. Bondar, D. Brenner: Nanodiamonds for Detoxification, Tech. Dig. 2007 NSTI NanoTechnology Conf., Vol. 8 (2007) pp. 713–716

    Google Scholar 

  193. V.S. Bondar, I.O. Pozdnyakova, A.P. Puzyr: Applications of nanodiamonds for separation and purification of proteins, Phys. Solid State 46(4), 758–760 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. V.W.K. Wu: Adsorption reaction constants between nanosilica/nanodiamond and lysozyme molecule at pH = 11.0, Chem. Lett. 35(12), 1380–1381 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. O. Loh, R. Lam, M. Chen, N. Moldovan, H.J. Huang, D. Ho, H.D. Espinosa: Nanofountain-probe-based high-resolution patterning and single-cell injection of functionalized nanodiamonds, Small 5(14), 1667–1674 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. R.C. Devries: Synthesis of diamond under metastable conditions, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 17, 161–187 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. J.E. Butler, A.V. Sumant: The CVD of nanodiamond materials, Chem. Vapor Depos. 14(7/8), 145–160 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. S. Hens, S. Wallen, O. Shenderova: Nanodiamond fractionation and products thereof, US Patent Application, Vol. 7569205 (International Technology Center, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  199. O. Shenderova, S. Hens, G. McGuire: Seeding slurries based on detonation nanodiamond in DMSO, Diam. Relat. Mater. 19(2/3), 260–267 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. R. Hauert: A review of modified DLC coatings for biological applications, Diam. Relat. Mater. 12(3/7), 583–589 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. M. Amaral, C.S. Abreu: Biotribological performace of NCD coated Si3N4–bioglass composites, Diam. Relat. Mater. 16(4/7), 790–795 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. S. Mitura, A. Mitura, P. Niedzielski, P. Couvrat: Nanocrystalline diamond coatings, Chaos Solitons Fractals 10(12), 2165–2176 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. P. Bajaj, D. Akin, A. Gupta, D. Sherman, B. Shi, O. Auciello, R. Bashir: Ultrananocrystalline diamond film as an optimal cell interface for biomedical applications, Biomed. Microdevices 9(6), 787–794 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. K. Bakowicz-Mitura, G. Bartosz, S. Mitura: Influence of diamond powder particles on human gene expression, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201(13), 6131–6135 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. X.C. **ao, J. Wang, C. Liu, J.A. Carlisle, B. Mech, R. Greenberg, D. Guven, R. Freda, M.S. Humayun, J. Weiland, O. Auciello: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ultrananocrystalline diamond for coating of implantable retinal microchips, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B 77(2), 273–281 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. V.V. Danilenko: Nanodiamonds: Problems and prospects, J. Superhard Mater. 32(5), 301–310 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Technology Center, 8100 Brownleigh Road, 27617, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Olga A. Shenderova

  2. ITC/International Technology Center, 8100 Brownleigh Road, 27617, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Suzanne A. Ciftan Hens

Authors
  1. Olga A. Shenderova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suzanne A. Ciftan Hens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Olga A. Shenderova or Suzanne A. Ciftan Hens .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main MS-321, 77005-1827, Houston, USA

    Robert Vajtai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Shenderova, O.A., Ciftan Hens, S.A. (2013). Nanodiamonds. In: Vajtai, R. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_8

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation