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Smart-City Development Paths: Insights from the First Two Decades of Research

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Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions (SSPCR 2017)

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

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Abstract

More than 20 years have now passed since the concept of smart city first appeared in a scholarly publication, marking the beginning of a new era in urban innovation. Since then, the literature discussing this new concept and the ICT-oriented urban-innovation approach it stands for has been growing steadily, along with the number of initiatives that cities all over the world have launched to pursue their ambition of becoming smart. However, current research still falls short of providing a clear understanding of smart cities and the scientific knowledge policy makers and practitioners both need to deal with their progressive development. In response to this shortfall, this paper offers a bibliometric study of the first two decades of smart-city research, whereby citation link-based clustering and text-based analysis are combined to: (1) build and visualize the network of scholarly publications sha** the intellectual structure of the smart city research field; (2) identify the clusters of thematically related publications; and (3) reveal the emerging development paths of smart cities that these clusters support and the strategic principles they embody. This study uncovers five main development paths: the Experimental Path; the Ubiquitous Path; the Corporate Path; the European Path; and the Holistic Path. Overall, this analysis offers a comprehensive and systematic view of how a smart city can be understood theoretically and as a scientific object of knowledge able to inform policy-making processes.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this study, core documents of a thematic cluster are considered as those publications with the highest number of connections with other publications in the same cluster.

  2. 2.

    The following databases are used to conduct the keyword search: Google Scholar; ISI Web of Science; IEEE Xplore; Scopus; SpringerLink; Engineering Village; ScienceDirect; and Taylor and Francis Online. Considering the specific interest of this study for smart cities, a decision was made to set the keyword search so that only the scholarly publications containing the singular of plural form of the term ‘smart city’ are identified and not the literature using other terms that are considered as equivalent despite having different meanings (Hollands 2008). These terms include sustainable cities, green cities, digital cities, intelligent cities, smarter cities, information cities, resilient cities, eco cities, low-carbon cities and liveable cities. This choice is based on research by de Jong et al. (2015), which reveals these categories of cities are characterized by conceptual and practical differences and cannot be used interchangeably with the term “smart city”.

  3. 3.

    Grey literature can be considered as “all the scholarly work that is published without a formal peer-review (or equivalent) process outside the traditional journal and book channels” (Schopfel 2010).

  4. 4.

    This tendency can also be found in more recent studies by Yigitcanlar and Lee (2014), Clarke (2013) and Shwayri (2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK

    Luca Mora, Mark Deakin & Alasdair Reid

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  1. Luca Mora
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  2. Mark Deakin
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  3. Alasdair Reid
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Correspondence to Luca Mora .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy

    Adriano Bisello

  2. EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy

    Daniele Vettorato

  3. Foundation for the Urban Environment, Kortenberg, Belgium

    Pierre Laconte

  4. Costa & Partners Consulting sprl, Brussels, Belgium

    Simona Costa

Appendix A

Appendix A

See Tables 1, 2 and 3.

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Mora, L., Deakin, M., Reid, A. (2018). Smart-City Development Paths: Insights from the First Two Decades of Research. In: Bisello, A., Vettorato, D., Laconte, P., Costa, S. (eds) Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. SSPCR 2017. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_28

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