Abstract
Ensuring education in a safe environment falls inevitably on the school. As societal issues enter Australian schools as those elsewhere, there are many new threats added to the old. While legislation and policy traditionally provide the means to assist schools, questions of safety and security focus increasingly on the parameters of control and responsibility. This chapter considers social control within the frame of safety in Australian schools—from ‘traditional’ school discipline and an investigation of trends towards various forms of surveillance to current initiatives designed to reduce many of the threats to young people. These aim to develop school cultures where respect and responsibility are uppermost and which nurture the human capacity for restitution, resolution, and reconciliation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A v Hutchinson [2015] NZCA 214 (5 June 2015).
Aherns, D. (2012). Schools, cyberbullies, and the surveillance state. American Criminal Law Review, 49, 1669–1722.
Alex Purvis on behalf of Daniel Hoggan v New South Wales (Department of Education and Training) (2003) 217 CLR 92.
Anders, J. (2015). Kee** kids in school and out of court: A study of education – Youth justice collaboration in the US. Scotland/Denmark: Winston Churchill Memorial Trust of Australia.
Armstrong, M., & Thorsborne, M. (2005). Restorative responses to bullying. In H. McGrath & T. Noble (Eds.), Bullying solutions: Evidence-based approaches to bullying in Australian schools. Sydney: Pearson Education.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001). 208 CLR 199.
Bouhours, T. (2007). The journey of the excluded: Schooling and crime in the exclusive society. Thesis PhD Doctorate, Griffith University, Brisbane.
Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative justice and responsive regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Buckley, S., & Maxwell, G. (2007). Respectful schools: Restorative practices in education: A summary report. Wellington: Office of the Commissioner for Children and the Institute of Policy Studies.
Cameron, L., & Thorsborne, M. (1999). Restorative justice and school discipline: Mutually exclusive? International Institute for Restorative Practice. https://www.iirp.edu/eforum-archive/4220-restorative-justice-and-school-disciplinemutuallyexclusive
Cameron, L., & Thorsborne, M. (2001). Restorative justice and school discipline: Mutually exclusive? A practitioner’s view of the impact of community conferencing in Queensland schools. In H. Strang & J. Braithwaite (Eds.), Restorative justice and civil society (pp. 180–194). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
CF (by her tutor Joanne Foster) v New South Wales (Department of Education) [2003] 58 NSWLR 135.
DM v New South Wales (Unreported Supreme Court of New South Wales, Simpson J., 16 September 1997).
Daly, H., & Hayes, H. (2001). Restorative justice and conferencing in Australia. Trends and issues: 186. Australian Institute of Criminology. http://www.aic.govt.au
Davis, B. (1999, March 22). The inappropriateness of the criminal justice system – Indigenous Australian criminological perspective. Paper presented at the 3rd National Outlook Symposium on Crime in Australia, Map** the boundaries of Australia’s criminal justice system convened by the Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra. http://www.aic.gov.au
Drewery, W. (2014). Restorative practice in New Zealand schools: Social development through relational justice. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48(2), 191–203.
Dwyer, A., & Eastel, P. (2013). Cyber bullying in Australian schools. Alternative Law Journal, 38(2), 92.
Gavrielides, T. (2008). Restorative justice – The perplexing concept: Conceptual fault – Lines and power battles with the restorative justice movement. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 8(2), 165.
Hayden, A. (Ed.). (2001). Restorative conferencing manual of Aotearoa. New Zealand: Department for Courts.
Hirsch, L., Lowen, C., & Santorelli, D. (2012). Bully. New York: Weinstein Books.
Hope, A. (2009). CCTV, school surveillance and social control. British Educational Research Journal, 35(6), 891–907.
Hope, A. (2015). Governmentality and the ‘Selling’ of school surveillance devices. The Sociological Review, 63, 840–857.
Hope, A. (2016). Biopower and school surveillance technologies 2.0. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 37(7), 885–904.
Jackson, J., & Varnham, S. (2007). Law for educators: School and university law in Australia. Chatswood, Australia: LexisNexis.
Ludbrook, R. (2001, October 3–4). Suspensions and expulsions in Australian schools. Paper presented to Children’s Legal Issues Forum, Sydney.
M & R v Palmerston North Boys High School (2003) NZAR 705 (decided 5 December 1990).
Mallett, C. (2016). The school-to-prison pipeline: A critical review of the punitive paradigm shift. Child Adolescence Social Work Journal, 33, 15–24.
Mateer, S. (2010). The use of restorative justice practices in a school community traumatized by an incident of planned school violence: A case study. PhD Thesis, Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado.
McCluskey, G., Lloyd, G., Kane, J., Riddell, S., Stead, J., & Weedon, E. (2008). Can restorative practices in schools make a difference? Educational Review, 60(4), 405–417.
McDoughall & Danks. (2012). Daily Telegraph, Sydney, Australia.
Michail, S. (2011). Understanding school responses to challenging behaviour: A review of literature. Research Paper, Social Justice Unit, Uniting Care: Children, Young People and Families. http://www.education.vic.gov.au
Morrison, B. (2007). Restoring safe school communities: A whole school response to bullying, violence and alienation. Sydney: Federation Press.
Morrison, B., & Vaandering, D. (2012). Restorative justice: Pedagogy, praxis and discipline. Journal of School Violence, 11(2), 138.
Munro, G., & Midford, R. (2001). ‘Zero tolerance’ and drug education in Australian schools. Drug and Alcohol Review, 20(1), 105.
Nance, J. (2014). School surveillance and the fourth amendment. Wisconsin Law Review, 2014, 79–137.
Office of the Information Commissioner, Queensland. (2015). Information privacy and camera surveillance survey 2015. Queensland State School Sector Survey Report. https://www.oic.qld.gov.au/
Osher, D., Bear, G. G., Sprague, J. R., & Doyle, W. (2010). How can we improve school discipline? Educational Researcher, 39(1), 48.
Perry-Hazan, L., & Birnhack, M. (2016). The hidden human rights curriculum of surveillance cameras in schools: Due process, privacy and trust. Cambridge Journal of Education, 1–18.
Rigby, K., & Johnson, K. (2016). The prevalence and effectiveness of anti-bullying strategies employed in Australian schools. Online copy. Accessed December 2016. http://www.unisa.edu.au
Roche, A. M., Pidd, K., Bywood, P., Duraisingam, V., Steenson, T., Freeman, T., & Rooney, T. (2010). Trusting children: How do surveillance technologies alter a child’s experience of trust, risk and responsibility? Surveillance & Society, 7(3/4), 344–354.
Shaw, G. (2007). Restorative practices in Australian schools: Changing relationships, changing culture. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 25(1), 127.
Squelch, J. (2015). School discipline and the law in Australia. In C. J. Russo, I. Oosthuizen, & C. C. Wolhuter (Eds.), Global interest in student behaviour (pp. 7–27). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Stern, F., & Hill, M. (1996). Peer mediation in schools. Mediation News, 4(2), 4.
Stronger Smarter Institute Limited. (2014). High-expectations relationships: A foundation for quality learning environments in all Australian schools. Stronger Smarter Institute Limited Position Paper.
Sullivan, Ann. (2016, May 27). Schools’ tough approach to bad behaviour isn’t working – And may escalate problems. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/
Sullivan, A. M., Johnson, B., Owens, L., & Conway, R. (2014). Punish them or engage them? Teachers’ views of unproductive student behaviours in the classroom. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(6), 43.
Taylor, N. (2002). State surveillance and the right to privacy. Surveillance and Society, 1(1), 66–85.
Taylor, E. (2010). I spy with my little eye: The use of CCTV in schools and the impact on privacy. The Sociological Review, 58(3), 381–405.
Taylor, E. (2013). Surveillance schools: Security, discipline, and control in contemporary education. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Taylor, G. (2015, June 10). Schools monitoring pupils’ web use with ‘anti-radicalisation software’. The Guardian, UK.
Taylor, E. (2017). This is not America: Cultural mythscapes, Media representation and the anatomy of the surveillance school in Australia. The Sociological Review, 53(2), 413–429.
Taylor, E., & Rooney, T. (Eds.). (2017). Surveillance futures. social and ethical implications of new technologies for children and young people. Oxon: Routledge.
Taylor, E. (2018). Student drug testing and the surveillance school economy: An analysis of media representation and policy transfer in Australian schools. Journal of Education Policy, 33(3), 383–397.
Thorsborne, M., & Vinegrad, D. (2002). Breaking Ground: First Steps in Restorative Practices. SWAP – Student Wellbeing Action Partnership, www.edfac.unimelb.edu.au/swap
Tinker v. Des Moines Sch. Dist., 393 U.S. 503 (1969)
Tucker, J. W., & Vance, A. (2016). School surveillance: The consequences for equity and privacy. Education Leaders Report, 2(4), 1–22. National Association of State.
Vaandering, D. (2011). A faithful compass: Rethinking restorative justice to find clarity. Contemporary Justice Review, 14(3), 307.
Varnham, S., Evers, M., Booth, T., & Avgoustinos, C. (2014/2015a). Democracy in schools: Encouraging responsibility and citizenship through student participation in school decision making. International Journal of Law and Education, 19(1)/20(1), 73–91.
Varnham, S., Evers, M., & Booth, T. (2014/2015b). Valuing their voices: Encouraging responsibility and citizenship through student participation in school decision making. International Journal of Law and Education, 19(2)/20(1), 23–40.
Wachtel, T. (2016). International institute for restorative practices.
Zehr, H. (2002). The little book of restorative justice. Intercourse: Good Books.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Varnham, S., Squelch, J. (2018). Legal Approaches to Social Control in Australian Schools: Old Ideas and New Trends. In: Deakin, J., Taylor, E., Kupchik, A. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of School Discipline, Surveillance, and Social Control. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71559-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71559-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71558-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71559-9
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)