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Genetic Improvement of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Genetic Improvement of Tropical Crops

Abstract

The emerging challenges of increasing global population, decreasing arable lands, and escalating threats posed by climate change exert pressure on the genetic improvement of rice to increase its yield potential in irrigated and nonirrigated lands as it is the staple food of more than three billion people. Advances in genetics and molecular biology have enabled scientists to use yield-enhancing functional genes for rice genetic improvement. Recently, SNP markers associated with major yield-enhancing functional genes have been used to develop breeding lines with 9–32% yield increase over the check variety. New methods to identify high yield-expressing genes and to transfer these genes into different elite cultivars are continuously being developed to increase rice production and productivity. Additional genetic resources have also been identified from the nearest wild relatives. Resistance genes lost during the domestication process of rice and their pyramids are being transferred into elite rice cultivars to make the future rice cultivars genetically resistant to biotic stresses and tolerant to abiotic stresses. Promising methods are being developed toward the genetic improvement of rice by pyramiding genes for yield potential as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Significant progress has been achieved at IRRI by enriching rice grain with provitamin A (b-carotene) and bio-fortification of iron and zinc. Bioavailability of these micronutrients will provide benefit to poor rice consumers, particularly in Asia to overcome the problems of vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiency in their diet.

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) program of IRRI for supporting the writing of this review article. We thank Dr. R. K. Singh, rainfed lowland rice breeder, IRRI, for providing information on breeding structure and salinity tolerance. We like to thank Ms. Joie Ramos, associate breeder, and Ricky Vinarao, assistant breeder of the Novel Gene Resources Team of the Plant Breeding Division for develo** the graphics of the traits for genetic improvement of rice. We thank to the editorial team of IRRI Communications for their excellent editing the review article.

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  1. Plant Breeding Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, 1301, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Kshirod K. Jena & Eero A. J. Nissila

  2. Newfields Consulting Ltd., 1440 Murronharjuntie, 31950, Punkalaidun, Finland

    Eero A. J. Nissila

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  1. Kshirod K. Jena
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Correspondence to Kshirod K. Jena .

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Jena, K.K., Nissila, E.A.J. (2017). Genetic Improvement of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). In: Genetic Improvement of Tropical Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59819-2_4

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