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Happiness Insights into Migration Policy and Choice Behavior of Immigrants

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New Dimensions in Community Well-Being

Part of the book series: Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being ((CQLWB))

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Abstract

A considerable proportion of immigrants and citizens of their host countries are dissatisfied with the outcomes of migration, even though they have objectively benefited of migration. What is the source of this disappointment and how can we improve this situation? This article provides insights on this long-standing issue by considering the subjectively experienced well-being outcomes of migration. Particularly for immigrants, improvements in subjective well-being (i.e., happiness) tend to stay behind to improvements in objective well-being. This discrepancy is plausible given that migrants, policy-makers, and researchers concentrate on improving the objectively experienced well-being outcomes of migration, particularly material welfare. These orientations are suboptimal because it excludes much of what people deem valuable in life. There is much room for improvement in the happiness outcomes of migration. Taking action to improve the subjectively experienced outcomes of migrants will result in a win-win situation for immigrants and their host society because happier immigrants contribute more to their host society.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    These findings are based on the author’s calculations. The exact questions were: “Tell me how much each person is or is not like you: It is important to her/him to be rich. She/he wants to have a lot of money and expensive things” and “Tell me how much each person is or is not like you: Being very successful is important to him/her. She/he hopes people will recognise her/his achievements.” On a scale from 1 (very much like me) to 6 (not like me at all), natives scored 4.30 and 3.36, first-generation immigrants scored 3.93 and 2.94, and second-generation immigrants scored 3.90 and 2.89, respectively.

  2. 2.

    The data come from the United Nations Human Development Report, the World Bank, and the World Happiness Report, respectively.

  3. 3.

    This result does not necessarily mean that people have unrealistic expectations in each domain or context. For instance, McKenzie et al. (2013) do not find evidence of unrealistic income-expectations among the Tongans who have moved to New Zealand, but the authors explain that this finding may depend heavily on the specific culture of Tongans.

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  1. Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organisation, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Martijn Hendriks

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  2. School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    Scott Cloutier

  3. Entrepreneurial Studies, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA

    Craig Talmage

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Hendriks, M. (2017). Happiness Insights into Migration Policy and Choice Behavior of Immigrants. In: Kraeger, P., Cloutier, S., Talmage, C. (eds) New Dimensions in Community Well-Being. Community Quality-of-Life and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55408-2_8

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