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Angiogenesis in Liver Cancer: General Aspects and Cellular Sources of Normal Angiogenesis

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Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract

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Abstract

Morphogenesis and biogenesis of new blood vessels comprise two major mechanisms, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis denotes the de novo formation of blood vessels from progenitor cells or stem cells that home to tissues and accomplish the development of the vascular system during ontogenesis. In contrast, angiogenesis is defined as the sprouting of new blood vessels from differentiated endothelial cells present in preexistent vessels. Angiogenesis is the form of blood vessel neoformation occurring in cancers. It involves a sprouting process involving endothelial cell commitment (priming), migration, proliferation and vascular tube morphogenesis (sprouting angiogenesis), and intussusceptive microvascular growth, in which existing vessel lumina are separated and reconstructed. This complex sequence of events is regulated by an array of distinct proangiogenic factors, antiangiogenic factors, and vessel maturation factors. The remodeling of newly formed vessel networks requires tightly controlled apoptotic processes. Similar angiogenic modes, but with involvement of different angiogenic factors, operate in lymphangiogenesis.

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    Arthur Zimmermann

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Zimmermann, A. (2017). Angiogenesis in Liver Cancer: General Aspects and Cellular Sources of Normal Angiogenesis. In: Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Hepatobiliary Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26956-6_187

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