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Adaptive Processing in the Insect Olfactory System

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The Ecology of Animal Senses

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Abstract

Insects live in a complex olfactory environment containing thousands of volatile organic compounds (olfactory stimuli) at various intensities and mixture proportions, yet insects can detect and respond to specific olfactory stimuli at millisecond timescales. In this chapter, we describe the mechanisms by which the insect olfactory system can efficiently process an olfactory stimulus and how it filters the signal from background noise. Highlighting recent results from a variety of insect species, we consider: (1) the nature of the olfactory environment, (2) how olfactory information is filtered in the periphery, and (3) how the central nervous system efficiently and adaptively processes olfactory information. We propose that plasticity encoded in state- and learning-related processes allows the insect olfactory system to process and distinguish olfactory signals efficiently from background and to allow both the large-scale (e.g., meaning or value) and fine-scale (e.g., identity and composition) features of a stimulus to be encoded.

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Abbreviations

AL:

Antennal lobe

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC-EAD:

Gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection

iLPN:

Interneuron in the lateral protocerebrum

LN:

Local interneuron

LP:

Lateral protocerebrum

MB:

Mushroom body

OBP:

Odorant binding protein

OR:

Olfactory receptor

ORC:

Olfactory receptor cell

PN:

Projection neuron

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

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Acknowledgments

We thank E. Warrant and G. von der Emde for their invitation to be included in this book. We also thank H. Lei, C. Reisenman, E. Shlizerman, and M. Dickinson for discussions on olfactory filtering and processing. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation (IOS-1354159 and DMS-1361145), the National Institutes of Health (R01DC013693, R01DC02751), and the Human Frontier Science Program (A87616).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Jeffrey A. Riffell

  2. Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0077, USA

    John G. Hildebrand

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  1. Jeffrey A. Riffell
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  2. John G. Hildebrand
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Correspondence to Jeffrey A. Riffell .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Zoologie Neuroethologie/Sensorische Ökologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Gerhard von der Emde

  2. Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, University of Lund Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund, Sweden

    Eric Warrant

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Riffell, J.A., Hildebrand, J.G. (2016). Adaptive Processing in the Insect Olfactory System. In: von der Emde, G., Warrant, E. (eds) The Ecology of Animal Senses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25492-0_1

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