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Post-transcriptional Regulation by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nervous System

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Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

Abstract

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prominent regulator of activity-dependent neuronal gene expression. Through activation of Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors, BDNF signaling promotes neuronal growth, survival, and plasticity by regulating both transcription and translation. BDNF produces a modest increase in total cellular translation in neurons, which occurs both in the cell soma and in dendrites. Recent research has demonstrated, however, that the effects of BDNF on translation show a high degree of transcript-selectivity, with specific increases in translation of a restricted subset of pro-growth mRNAs. The selectivity of post-transcriptional changes in gene expression is increasingly understood to underlie protein-synthesis-dependent functions of BDNF, such as in neuronal growth and long-term synaptic plasticity. This review will primarily discuss mechanisms through which BDNF regulates translational specificity both locally and globally, and subsequent physiological responses to BDNF requiring novel translation. Elucidating post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene control and their downstream effects is crucial to understanding the role of BDNF in normal cognitive function and its dysregulation in disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Alexandra M. Amen, Daniel L. Pham & Mollie K. Meffert

  2. Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Mollie K. Meffert

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  1. Alexandra M. Amen
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Correspondence to Mollie K. Meffert .

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  1. Departments of Biological Chemistry & Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    K.M.J. Menon, PhD

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Aaron Goldstrohm, PhD

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Amen, A.M., Pham, D.L., Meffert, M.K. (2016). Post-transcriptional Regulation by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nervous System. In: Menon, PhD, K., Goldstrohm, PhD, A. (eds) Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25124-0_14

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