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Oceanography of the East Sea (Japan Sea)

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Abstract

The East Sea (Japan Sea) is strongly influenced by the Asian monsoon with prevalent northerly and southerly winds in winter and summer, respectively. It gains heat from April to August and loses heat in other seasons with annual net heat loss ranging from 25 to 108 W m−2. Extremely strong winds of severe Siberian cold-air outbreaks typify the winter season from December to February, which occasionally results in cold bottom water formation. A spatially distinct pattern of wind stress curl during the outbreak periods appears south of Vladivostok and near East Korea Bay. The cold-air outbreaks result in significant surface heat losses through sensible and latent heat fluxes exceeding 500 W m−2, which was estimated to be even larger, as high as 1000 W m−2, during a deep convection period in winter. Wintertime surface heat loss is also an important factor in deep penetration of frontal subduction, resulting in the formation of East Sea Intermediate Water found south of the subpolar front. Net heat loss at the sea surface in the East Sea is compensated by its warm inflow-outflow system. Inflow of the Tsushima Warm Current through the Korea Strait (2.6 Sv), which is balanced with outflows through the Tsugaru Strait and the Soya Strait, exhibits large volume transports in summer to autumn and small in winter to spring with a range of about 1 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1). While the mean transport is larger in the Tsugaru Strait compared to that in the Soya Strait, the seasonal variability is larger in the Soya Strait.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank Eun-Young Lee (Seoul National University) for her editorial work. This study was supported partly by EAST-I project of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-748, Republic of Korea

    Kyung-Ae Park

  2. Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea

    Kyung-Ae Park & Kyung-Il Chang

  3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea

    Kyung-Il Chang & Uk-Jae Jung

  4. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

    Hanna Na

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Correspondence to Kyung-Ae Park .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Oceanography School of Earth & Environmental Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Kyung-Il Chang

  2. Marine Production Management, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea (Republic of)

    Chang-Ik Zhang

  3. Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Republic of)

    Chul Park

  4. Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Tech., Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Division, Ansan, Korea (Republic of)

    Dong-** Kang

  5. Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Tech., Deep-Sea & Seabed Resources Research Cen, Ansan, Korea (Republic of)

    Se-Jong Ju

  6. Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Tech., Korean Seas Geosystem Research Unit, Ansan, Korea (Republic of)

    Sang-Hoon Lee

  7. University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA

    Mark Wimbush

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Park, KA., Chang, KI., Na, H., Jung, UJ. (2016). Forcings. In: Chang, KI., et al. Oceanography of the East Sea (Japan Sea). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22720-7_2

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