Abstract
In 1981 Paige and Van Loan (Linear Algebra Appl 41:11–32, 1981) posed the open question to derive an \(\mathcal{O}(n^{3})\) numerically strongly backwards stable method to compute the real Hamiltonian Schur form of a Hamiltonian matrix. This problem is known as Van Loan’s curse. This chapter summarizes Volker Mehrmann’s work on dense structured eigenvalue problems, in particular, on Hamiltonian and symplectic eigenproblems. In the course of about 35 years working on and off on these problems the curse has been lifted by him and his co-workers. In particular, his work on SR methods and on URV-based methods for dense Hamiltonian and symplectic matrices and matrix pencils is reviewed. Moreover, his work on structure-preserving methods for other structured eigenproblems is discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ammar, G., Mehrmann, V.: On Hamiltonian and symplectic Hessenberg forms. Linear Algebra Appl. 149, 55–72 (1991)
Banse, G.: Eigenwertverfahren für symplektische Matrizen zur Lösung zeitdiskreter optimaler Steuerungsprobleme. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 75(Suppl. 2), 615–616 (1995)
Banse, G.: Symplektische Eigenwertverfahren zur Lösung zeitdiskreter optimaler Steuerungsprobleme. PhD thesis, Fachbereich 3 – Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Bremen (1995)
Banse, G.: Condensed forms for symplectic matrices and symplectic pencils in optimal control. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 76(Suppl. 3), 375–376 (1996)
Banse, G., Bunse-Gerstner, A.: A condensed form for the solution of the symplectic eigenvalue problem. In: Helmke, U., Menniken, R., Sauer, J. (eds.) Systems and Networks: Mathematical Theory and Applications, pp. 613–616. Akademie Verlag, Berlin (1994)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H.: An implicitly restarted symplectic Lanczos method for the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. Linear Algebra Appl. 263, 75–111 (1997)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H.: The symplectic eigenvalue problem, the butterfly form, the SR algorithm, and the Lanczos method. Linear Algebra Appl. 275/276, 19–47 (1998)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H.: An implicitly restarted symplectic Lanczos method for the symplectic eigenvalue problem. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 22(3), 682–713 (2000). (electronic)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H., Stoll, M.: A Hamiltonian Krylov-Schur-type method based on the symplectic Lanczos process. Linear Algebra Appl. 435(3), 578–600 (2011)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H., Watkins, D.S.: Two connections between the SR and HR eigenvalue algorithms. Linear Algebra Appl. 272, 17–32 (1998)
Benner, P., Faßbender, H., Watkins, D.S.: SR and SZ algorithms for the symplectic (butterfly) eigenproblem. Linear Algebra Appl. 287(1–3), 41–76 (1999)
Benner, P., Kressner, D., Mehrmann, V.: Structure preservation: a challenge in computational control. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 19, 1243–1252 (2003)
Benner, P., Kressner, D., Mehrmann, V.: Skew-Hamiltonian and Hamiltonian eigenvalue problems: theory, algorithms and applications. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Applied Mathematics and Scientific Computing, pp. 3–39. Springer, Dordrecht (2005)
Benner, P., Mehrmann, V., Xu, H.: A new method for computing the stable invariant subspace of a real Hamiltonian matrix. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 86(1), 17–43 (1997)
Benner, P., Mehrmann, V., Xu, H.: A numerically stable, structure preserving method for computing the eigenvalues of real Hamiltonian or symplectic pencils. Numer. Math. 78(3), 329–358 (1998)
Benner, P., Mehrmann, V., Xu, H.: A note on the numerical solution of complex Hamiltonian and skew-Hamiltonian eigenvalue problems. ETNA, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 8, 115–126 (1999)
Bunch, J.R.: The weak and strong stability of algorithms in numerical linear algebra. Linear Algebra Appl. 88/89, 49–66 (1987)
Bunse-Gerstner, A.: Matrix factorizations for symplectic QR-like methods. Linear Algebra Appl. 83, 49–77 (1986)
Bunse-Gerstner, A.: Symplectic QR-like methods. Habilitationsschrift, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld (1986)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Byers, R., Mehrmann, V.: A quaternion QR algorithm. Numer. Math. 55(1), 83–95 (1989)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Byers, R., Mehrmann, V.: A chart of numerical methods for structured eigenvalue problems. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 13(2), 419–453 (1992)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V.: A symplectic QR like algorithm for the solution of the real algebraic Riccati equation. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control 31(12), 1104–1113 (1986)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V.: The HHDR algorithm and its application to optimal control problems. RAIRO Automat.-Prod. Inform. Ind. 23(4), 305–329 (1989)
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V., Watkins, D.S.: An SR algorithm for Hamiltonian matrices based on Gaussian elimination. In: XII Symposium on Operations Research (Passau, 1987). Volume 58 of Methods of Operations Research, pp. 339–357. Athenäum/Hain/Hanstein, Königstein (1989)
Byers, R.: Hamiltonian and symplectic algorithms for the algebraic Riccati equation. PhD thesis, Department Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca (1983)
Byers, R.: A Hamiltonian QR-algorithm. SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 7, 212–229 (1986)
Byers, R., Kressner, D.: Structured condition numbers for invariant subspaces. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 28(2), 326–347 (2006). (electronic)
Byers, R., Mehrmann, V., Xu, H.: A structured staircase algorithm for skew-symmetric/symmetric pencils. ETNA, Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 26, 1–33 (2007)
Chu, D., Liu, X., Mehrmann, V.: A numerical method for computing the Hamiltonian Schur form. Numer. Math. 105(3), 375–412 (2007)
Della-Dora, J.: Sur quelques Algorithmes de recherche de valeurs propres. Thése, L’Université Scientifique et Medicale de Grenoble (1973)
Elsner, L.: On some algebraic problems in connection with general eigenvalue algorithms. Linear Algebra Appl. 26, 123–138 (1979)
Faßbender, H.: Error analysis of the symplectic Lanczos method for the symplectic eigenvalue problem. BIT 40(3), 471–496 (2000)
Faßbender, H.: Symplectic Methods for the Symplectic Eigenproblem. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York (2000)
Faßbender, H.: The parameterized SR algorithm for symplectic (butterfly) matrices. Math. Comput. 70(236), 1515–1541 (2001)
Ferng, W.R., Lin, W.-W., Wang, C.-S.: The shift-inverted J-Lanczos algorithm for the numerical solutions of large sparse algebraic Riccati equations. Comput. Math. Appl. 33(10), 23–40 (1997)
Flaschka, U., Mehrmann, V., Zywietz, D.: An analysis of structure preserving numerical methods for symplectic eigenvalue problems. RAIRO Automat.-Prod. Inform. Ind. 25(2), 165–189 (1991)
Golub, G.H., Van Loan, C.F.: Matrix Computations, 4th edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (2012)
Higham, N.J., Mackey, D.S., Mackey, N., Tisseur, F.: Symmetric linearizations for matrix polynomials. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 29(1), 143–159 (2006/2007). (electronic)
Karow, M., Kressner, D., Tisseur, F.: Structured eigenvalue condition numbers. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 28(4), 1052–1068 (2006). (electronic)
Laub, A.J.: A Schur method for solving algebraic Riccati equations. IEEE Trans. Automat. Control AC-24, 913–921 (1979)
Lin, W.-W., Ho, T.-C.: On Schur type decompositions for Hamiltonian and symplectic pencils. Technical report, Institute of Applied Mathematics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan (1990)
Lin, W.-W., Mehrmann, V., Xu, H.: Canonical forms for Hamiltonian and symplectic matrices and pencils. Linear Algebra Appl. 301–303, 469–533 (1999)
Mackey, D.S., Mackey, N., Mehl, C., Mehrmann, V.: Vector spaces of linearizations for matrix polynomials. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 28(4), 971–1004 (2006). (electronic)
Mackey, D.S., Mackey, N., Tisseur, F.: Structured map** problems for matrices associated with scalar products. I. Lie and Jordan algebras. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 29(4), 1389–1410 (2007)
Mehrmann, V.: Der SR-Algorithmus zur Berechnung der Eigenwerte einer Matrix. Diplomarbeit, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld (1979)
Mehrmann, V.: A symplectic orthogonal method for single input or single output discrete time optimal quadratic control problems. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 9(2), 221–247 (1988)
Mehrmann, V.: The Autonomous Linear Quadratic Control Problem, Theory and Numerical Solution. Volume 163 of Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer, Heidelberg (1991)
Mehrmann, V., Schröder, C., Watkins, D.S.: A new block method for computing the Hamiltonian Schur form. Linear Algebra Appl. 431(3–4), 350–368 (2009)
Mehrmann, V., Watkins, D.: Structure-preserving methods for computing eigenpairs of large sparse skew-Hamiltonian/Hamiltonian pencils. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 22, 1905–1925 (2000)
Paige, C.C., Van Loan, C.F.: A Schur decomposition for Hamiltonian matrices. Linear Algebra Appl. 41, 11–32 (1981)
Stewart, G.W.: An updating algorithm for subspace tracking. IEEE Trans. Signal Proc. 40, 1535–1541 (1992)
Stewart, G.W.: Updating a rank-revealing ULV decomposition. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 14(2), 494–499 (1993)
Van Loan, C.F.: A symplectic method for approximating all the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian matrix. Linear Algebra Appl. 61, 233–251 (1984)
Watkins, D.S.: On Hamiltonian and symplectic Lanczos processes. Linear Algebra Appl. 385, 23–45 (2004)
Watkins, D.S.: On the reduction of a Hamiltonian matrix to Hamiltonian Schur form. Electron. Trans. Numer. Anal. 23, 141–157 (2006). (electronic)
Watkins, D.S.: The Matrix Eigenvalue Problem. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia (2007)
Watkins, D.S., Elsner, L.: Chasing algorithms for the eigenvalue problem. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 12, 374–384 (1991)
Watkins, D.S., Elsner, L.: Convergence of algorithms of decomposition type for the eigenvalue problem. Linear Algebra Appl. 143, 19–47 (1991)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bunse-Gerstner, A., Faßbender, H. (2015). Breaking Van Loan’s Curse: A Quest forStructure-Preserving Algorithms for Dense Structured Eigenvalue Problems. In: Benner, P., Bollhöfer, M., Kressner, D., Mehl, C., Stykel, T. (eds) Numerical Algebra, Matrix Theory, Differential-Algebraic Equations and Control Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15260-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15260-8_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-15259-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-15260-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)