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Induction of the Sexual Cycle in Filamentous Ascomycetes

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Genetic Transformation Systems in Fungi, Volume 2

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Sexual reproduction provides a valuable tool for strain development and gene identification in fungi, but has been limited in its use because many economically important fungi are only known to reproduce asexually. However, in the past decade a number of publications have reported sexual cycles in supposedly ‘asexual’ fungi, indicating that many presumed asexual fungi might have the potential for sexual reproduction. Methods are therefore described to induce a sexual cycle in various filamentous fungi, including the use of mating-type gene diagnostics to identify compatible mating types in heterothallic ascomycete species, the use of different crossing conditions, and importance of inoculation technique. The conditions for successful mating are often species-specific and it is therefore difficult to give a general protocol. Different methods for the isolation and analysis of ascospore offspring are then described. Finally, ways in which the sexual cycle can be exploited for purposes including gene identification and localization, strain improvement, and gene complementation are covered. It is anticipated that the application of such methodologies will generate sexual progeny with new characteristics or previously unobserved properties.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Commercially made oatmeal agar (OA) is available from certain manufacturers, but in our experience this is not able to induce sex in demanding species. Instead, it is best to prepare OA in house. Different brands of oats can be used and these have can have an effect on the mating. Commonly used brands are Pinhead oatmeal (Odlums, Ireland) and Quaker Oats. For Sordaria and Chaetomium species and Penicillium rubens (P. chrysogenum) this medium needs to be supplemented with biotin (6.4 μg/L) to induce sex (Böhm et al. 2013).

  2. 2.

    In our experience Bacto™ agar is less prone to condensation problems than some cheaper, less pure, commercial agars.

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Acknowledgments

J.H. thanks Tineke van Doorn and Richard Summerbell for the discussions on the term proto-heterothallic.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied and Industrial Mycology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Jos Houbraken Ph.D.

  2. School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Paul S. Dyer B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

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  1. Jos Houbraken Ph.D.
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  2. Paul S. Dyer B.A., M.A., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Jos Houbraken Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Applied Biochemistry Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands

    Marco A. van den Berg

  2. Global Marker Technology Lab (DuPont-Pioneer), E.I.DuPont India Pvt Ltd, DuPont Knowledge Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Karunakaran Maruthachalam

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Houbraken, J., Dyer, P.S. (2015). Induction of the Sexual Cycle in Filamentous Ascomycetes. In: van den Berg, M., Maruthachalam, K. (eds) Genetic Transformation Systems in Fungi, Volume 2. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10503-1_2

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