Abstract
A large amont of rejected materials and their pollution can create multiple challenges in terms of sustainable development, law, and the environment. Faced with this problem, it is necessary to study and develop methods that make it possible to extract or stabilize pollutants in the biotope matrix (sediment, soils, and water) before storage and possible recovery operations. Different cases were presented, namely, (I)a bioremediation of urban wastewater by microalgae (phytoremedaition), (II) bioremediation of industrial wastewater using anaerobic digestion (using anaerobic microorganisms) and solid fermentation (using fungi), (III) bioremdiation of sediment and sludge using anaerobic consortia (remediation associated with bioenergy production), and (IV) bioremediation using biosurfactant microorganisms’ activity. In addition, the effect of an economic and environmental bioremediation study was carefully discussed in this chapter. In fact, the use of bioremediation process is in perfect harmony with recent sustainable environmental development.
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Notes
- 1.
This trend in the economics of sustainable development shows the extent to which the health-environment field must integrate multiple, different and complementary disciplines, approaches and points of view, in this case the economic, ecological and social dimensions.
- 2.
It should be noted that economic development is the expression of a strong and sustained expansion of material production (growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or of national income) associated with a reduction in monetary poverty and progress in health and education and the universalization of real freedoms. Development is a qualitative phenomenon taking into account the economic and social dimensions, it is measured thanks to the HDI.
- 3.
Sustainability is a situation in which the current level of well-being can at least be maintained for future generations, which supposes measuring the quantitative and qualitative evolution of the stocks of heritage on the basis of our well-being.
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Acknowledgements
Hayfa Rajhi is grateful to Pr. Jose Luis Sanz Martion (Professor of Microbiology in University Autonoma Madrid–Laboratory of Applied Microbiology) for his supervision and teaching throughout these years in terms of Microbiology and waste Bioremediation field (especially the anaerobic microbiology) as well as the molecular microorganisms techniques. This chapter is specially dedicated to Jose Luis Sanz Martin and his laboratory member.
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Rajhi, H., Bardi, A. (2023). Spinoffs of Phyoremediation and/or Microorganism Consortium in Soil, Sediment, and Water Treatments and Improvement: Study of Specific Cases and Its Socioeconomic and Environmental Advantages. In: Newman, L., Ansari, A.A., Gill, S.S., Naeem, M., Gill, R. (eds) Phytoremediation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17988-4_9
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