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Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Metabolic Enzymes in the Nervous System

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Glycobiology of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 29))

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Abstract

Gangliosides are a large group of complex lipids found predominantly in the outer layer of the plasma membrane of cells, particularly abundant in nerve endings. Their half-life in the nervous system is short, and their membrane composition and content are strictly connected to their metabolism. The neobiosynthesis of gangliosides starts in the endoplasmic reticulum and is completed in the Golgi apparatus, whereas catabolism occurs primarily in lysosomes. However, the final content of gangliosides in the plasma membrane is defined by other cellular processes.

This chapter will discuss structural changes in the oligosaccharide chains of gangliosides, induced by the activity of plasma membrane-associated glycohydrolases and glycosyltransferases. Some of the plasma membrane enzymes originate from fusion processes between intracellular fractions and the plasma membrane, while, others display a different structure. Several of these plasma membrane enzymes have been characterized and some of them seem to have a specific role in the nervous system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Segrate, Italy

    Massimo Aureli, Laura Mauri, Emma Veronica Carsana, Dorina Dobi, Silvia Breviario, Giulia Lunghi & Sandro Sonnino

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  1. Massimo Aureli
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  2. Laura Mauri
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  1. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA

    Cara-Lynne Schengrund

  2. Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Robert K. Yu

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Aureli, M. et al. (2023). Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Metabolic Enzymes in the Nervous System. In: Schengrund, CL., Yu, R.K. (eds) Glycobiology of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 29. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_11

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