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Chloride Homeostasis in Develo** Motoneurons

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Vertebrate Motoneurons

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 28))

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Abstract

Maturation of GABA/Glycine chloride-mediated synaptic inhibitions is crucial for the establishment of a balance between excitation and inhibition. GABA and glycine are excitatory neurotransmitters on immature neurons that exhibit elevated [Cl−]i. Later in development [Cl−]i drops leading to the occurrence of inhibitory synaptic activity. This ontogenic change is closely correlated to a differential expression of two cation-chloride cotransporters that are the Cl− channel K+/Cl− co-transporter type 2 (KCC2) that extrudes Cl− ions and the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter NKCC1 that accumulates Cl− ions. The classical scheme built from studies performed on cortical and hippocampal networks proposes that immature neurons display high [Cl−]i because NKCC1 is overexpressed compared to KCC2 and that the co-transporters ratio reverses in mature neurons, lowering [Cl−]i. In this chapter, we will see that this classical scheme is not true in motoneurons (MNs) and that an early alteration of the chloride homeostasis may be involved in pathological conditions.

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  1. Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine (INCIA), Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5287, CNRS, Bordeaux, France

    Pascal Branchereau & Daniel Cattaert

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  1. Pascal Branchereau
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  2. Daniel Cattaert
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Correspondence to Pascal Branchereau .

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  1. NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Michael J. O'Donovan

  2. NINDS, Developmental Neurobiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Mélanie Falgairolle

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Branchereau, P., Cattaert, D. (2022). Chloride Homeostasis in Develo** Motoneurons. In: O'Donovan, M.J., Falgairolle, M. (eds) Vertebrate Motoneurons. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07167-6_2

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