Abstract
Water availability for different purposes, particularly for irrigation and domestic use, is of immense importance in the near future for both rural and urban areas. The per capita availability of water is decreasing at a higher rate due to the impact of climate change and the ever-increasing population. Hence, it becomes necessary to utilize water resources in a judicious way, ensuring maximum benefits with minimal waste. The need for local participation in water management and attending to local needs makes the Panchayats ideally suited to tackle water scarcity problems. In this current context of the growing importance of Panchayats as vehicles of programme implementation, local panchayats can assume high responsibility and play an important role in localized planning for assessment of water resources and management within the Panchayat. The water management scenario is designed and influenced by a set of linked physicals, biological, and socio-economic factors such as surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology, climate, soils topography, land use, water quality, ecosystems, demographics, institutional arrangements and infrastructure. In this book chapter, an effort has been made for evaluation of the present status of availability, demand and development possibilities with regard to the water resources at Gram-Panchayat/Watershed/Micro level. Indlawadi Gram-Panchayat, Anekal Taluk is selected for this study. Water resources assessment has been prepared using high resolution-merged satellite (LISS IV + Cartosat) data, Survey of India Toposheets and existing literature in conjunction with Ground-truth and created various resource layers on a 1:10,000 scale. The rainfall data for a period of 38 years (1981–2018) is used to understand the variability of rainfall of the selected Taluka of study area. Average annual rainfall is 838.36 mm and Soil Conservation Services (SCS) Model is used for estimating runoff. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique has been performed utilizing various thematic layers generated using satellite data to determine the most suitable water conservation sites and develop action plans such as check dams, farm ponds, rainwater harvesting, recharge pits/wells and percolation tanks, etc. and proper maintenance of the stored water and water flow. The water requirement for domestic and agricultural crops is calculated based on the population and crops grown. This information is very useful for farmers to decide the crops/plantations suitable for the region. Systematic approach using geospatial techniques with ground measurements paves the way for sustainable planning of water resources management.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Director, National Remote Sensing Centre, Chief General Manager, RCs, National Remote Sensing Centre for their encouragement and support for this study. We also express our sincere thanks to the staff of Regional Remote Sensing Centre (South) for their useful discussions and special thanks to Dr. Ganesha Raj, Former General Manager, RC-South and Dr. K. S. Ramesh, Former Head, RC-South for their constant guidance and support.
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Subramoniam, S.R., Ravindranath, S., Rakkasagi, S., Hebbar, R. (2022). Water Resource Management Studies at Micro Level Using Geospatial Technologies. In: Jha, C.S., Pandey, A., Chowdary, V., Singh, V. (eds) Geospatial Technologies for Resources Planning and Management. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 115. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98981-1_2
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