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Treatment Technologies for the Environmental Micro-pollutant

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Hazardous Environmental Micro-pollutants, Health Impacts and Allied Treatment Technologies

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Abstract

Advance studies related to MPs contamination along with their metabolites are detected in the aqueous environment throughout the world. Their biological nature and continuous emission render them as “prospective pollutant” or “emerging pollutants.” The major categories of MPs are divided into eight groups. For the absolute removal of MPs and their metabolites, there is no specific technique and is quite difficult and somewhat impossible because of their distinctive properties. The emission of MPs in large amounts in different aqueous bodies in different parts of the world renders a serious threat to the aquatic as well as human ecosystem. So, the most applicable methods used for MPs are activated carbon absorption, coagulation-flocculation, advanced oxidation process, and ozonation membrane bioreactor and membrane process. The typical WWTPs cannot provide the expected results for the elimination of significant MPs. However, with little efforts, upgrading and optimizing the current protocols in the WWTPs is all set to crucially decrease the loading rates of MPs. Besides all the conventional techniques and processes, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), activated carbon adsorption (granular activated carbon and powdered carbon), coagulation-flocculation, membrane bioreactor, and membrane process are also applied for the removal of MPs. Among all these persistent treatment methods, advanced oxidation processes and membrane systems are the most efficient techniques and come to the forefront. For both removal of micro-pollutant and inhibiting the production byproducts and metabolites and other pollutants, a combined treatment should be preferred to achieve the desired results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima **nah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Ayesha Ayub & Sheikh Saeed Ahmad

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  1. Ayesha Ayub
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  2. Sheikh Saeed Ahmad
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Correspondence to Sheikh Saeed Ahmad .

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  1. CCRD, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Toqeer Ahmed

  2. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

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Ayub, A., Ahmad, S.S. (2022). Treatment Technologies for the Environmental Micro-pollutant. In: Ahmed, T., Hashmi, M.Z. (eds) Hazardous Environmental Micro-pollutants, Health Impacts and Allied Treatment Technologies. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96523-5_15

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