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Biological Invasions by Plants in Continental Central America

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Global Plant Invasions

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Abstract

Central American biota has been shaped by natural biological exchanges resulting from complex geological and climatic events during its formation. However, it has also been significantly affected by the arrival and spread of humans, which introduced domesticated species as well as others that incidentally came with them. Several non-native plant species have been established as a result of anthropogenic transport and the climatic and geographic properties of the region. Among naturalized species, several plants have become problematic in different ecosystems and are now recognized as invasive species. In this chapter, we present a list of non-native species of plants for each Central American country. The plants were classified as cultivated or naturalized. From these, we have compiled some examples of plants considered invasive species. Our compilation lists 1628 non-native plant taxa (species and varieties) introduced in Central America, of which only 3.9% (64 species) are common to all countries and 50.1% (816 species) are naturalized in at least one country. We present 26 invasive plant species that are problematic in at least one or several countries. We have considered five types of natural ecosystems and two types of managed ecosystems across Central America and examined how non-native species have impacted them. Although there are invasive species in all the ecosystems analyzed, most of the consequences remain unknown. We conclude that many invaders have the potential to displace native plant species, significantly impact the functionality of both natural and managed ecosystems, and also have an economic impact. Policies to prevent invasions and management practices of invasive species are required among Central American countries.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Julissa Rojas Sandoval and an anonymous reviewer for the comments that greatly enhance our chapter. This chapter is part of the research project Pry01-401-2022 of the Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal & Gerardo Avalos

  2. Herbario Luis A. Fournier Origgi (USJ), Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

    Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal

  3. Center for Sustainable Development Studies, The School for Field Studies, Beverly, MA, USA

    Gerardo Avalos

  4. Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria

    Florian Hofhansl

  5. Herbario de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, Facultad de Ciencias, Biología Herbario (HULE), León, Nicaragua

    Indiana Coronado

  6. Herbario Cyril Hardy Nelson Sutherland (TEFH), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, edificio J1, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

    Lilian Ferrufino-Acosta

  7. Environmental Horticulture Department, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA, USA

    AnaLu MacVean

  8. Asociación Jardín Botánico La Laguna, Herbario LAGU, Urbanización Industrial Plan de La Laguna, San Salvador, El Salvador

    Dagoberto Rodríguez

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  1. Eduardo Chacón-Madrigal
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada

    David R. Clements

  2. Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Mahesh K. Upadhyaya

  3. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal

    Srijana Joshi

  4. Department of Viticulture and Enology, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA

    Anil Shrestha

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Chacón-Madrigal, E. et al. (2022). Biological Invasions by Plants in Continental Central America. In: Clements, D.R., Upadhyaya, M.K., Joshi, S., Shrestha, A. (eds) Global Plant Invasions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89684-3_10

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