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Apple (Malus domestica) By-products: Chemistry, Functionality and Industrial Applications

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Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes

Abstract

Apple is generally perceived as a healthy food and the most consumed fruit all over the world. Besides being consumed as a fresh product, apples are also widely consumed in the form of beverages as juices, concentrates and siders, as well as food ingredients such as gelling pectin and aroma compounds. Apple processing originates huge quantities of by-products, namely the remaining pulp, skin and seeds i.e., the insoluble material obtained after juice and/or pectin extraction, and the retentate i.e., the compounds retained in the ultrafiltration membranes during juice clarification processes. The simultaneous high-water content and richness in compounds found in apple by-products make them easily perishable and discarded at high cost. However, these by-products are relevant sources of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and other hydrophobic compounds that can be valued by several industrial fields. In this context, this book chapter will provide an overview of the apple by-products valuation having in mind their chemical compositions, stabilization, and strategies for their mitigation as agro-industrial disposables.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

    Pedro A. R. Fernandes, Dulcineia F. Wessel, Manuel A. Coimbra & Susana M. Cardoso

  2. School of Agriculture and CI&DETS, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal

    Dulcineia F. Wessel

  3. CITAB—Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    Dulcineia F. Wessel

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  1. Pedro A. R. Fernandes
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  2. Dulcineia F. Wessel
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  3. Manuel A. Coimbra
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  4. Susana M. Cardoso
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Correspondence to Susana M. Cardoso .

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  1. Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

  2. Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Farag

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This work received financial support from PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020 | UIDP/50006/2020. The authors also acknowledge the funding through the Project ProfitApple 38162, QREN I&DT in co-promotion 2013, FEDER, COMPETE. Pedro A. R. Fernandes (SFRH/BD/107731/2015) thanks FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) and ESF (European Social Fund) through POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano) for his PhD grant. Susana M. Cardoso thanks the research contract under the project AgroForWealth: Biorefining of agricultural and forest by-products and wastes: integrated strategic for valorisation of resources towards society wealth and sustainability (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000001), funded by Centro2020, through FEDER and PT2020.

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Fernandes, P.A.R., Wessel, D.F., Coimbra, M.A., Cardoso, S.M. (2022). Apple (Malus domestica) By-products: Chemistry, Functionality and Industrial Applications. In: Ramadan, M.F., Farag, M.A. (eds) Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84436-3_14

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