Abstract
The article deals with new promising directions for the hydropower industry, which enables the hydraulic turbine operating range to be expanded in terms of heads and flow rates, the reliability of the equipment to be increased during peak loads of daily regulation and especially at start-up and shut-down modes, the capacity to be raised by 1.5 times, i.e., to increase the power of the hydraulic unit with the runner of the same size and significantly increase the average operating efficiency. New designs protected by many patents of Ukraine gave advantages of tubular horizontal bulb hydraulic units over Kaplan and Francis turbines for medium and high heads up to 230–250 m. The paper presents the directions and procedure of calculation that sharply reduces energy losses in hydraulic turbine inlet due to the formation of laminar flow in the near-wall boundary layers of the nozzle vanes that form the angular momentum required for optimum operation, a more uniform inlet conditions upstream the runner, allowing to reduce shock losses at the inlet to the runner and providing conditions for a laminar boundary layer at the inlet elements of the blades for operating modes close to best efficiency point. As a result, new design concepts and more advanced solutions in the system for control and computation of the flow enable the reliability and the basic operating parameters of new types of hydraulic turbines to be increased.
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Gusak, O., Cherkashenko, M., Potetenko, O., Hasiuk, A., Rezvaya, K. (2021). Improvement of Operating Processes of High-Head Tubular Horizontal Hydraulic Turbines. In: Ivanov, V., Pavlenko, I., Liaposhchenko, O., Machado, J., Edl, M. (eds) Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing IV. DSMIE 2021. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_13
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