Abstract
This subproject of the research group FOR2089 focuses on the vehicle-induced road load and the interaction between vehicle, tire and road. The here presented measurement methods are not only used to validate the different simulation models established by the research group members, but also to parametrize and optimize physical tire models for the application to real road topology as well as asphalt texture models. In comparison to models with a single-point road contact, a discretized tire footprint interacts locally with the road, which allows the investigation of ground pressure and shear stress distribution on varying surfaces. In previous studies, this local road load has not been validated at this level of detail. By a holistic analysis of the tire’s influence on the vehicle and the road at the same time, a more realistic vehicle-tire-pavement behavior can be predicted by the simulation models. This chapter is separated into two parts. The first part mainly focusses on methods regarding vertical forces. As heavy-duty vehicles cause the highest loads on the main traffic routes, the methods for vertical dynamics are applied for heavy-duty purposes. The influence of different component model approaches on the road load are presented and validated using a hydraulic axle test rig. The second part presents methods for analyzing horizontal forces in the tire-road interface on a passenger car level to take advantage of specialized measurement systems. The influence of asphalt modulation on the tire force transmission mechanisms and the vehicle dynamics are presented. Furthermore, the friction characteristics on asphalt is investigated with a special regard to future tire measurement on artificial surfaces with asphalt texture.
Funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant EC 412/1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anghelache, G., Moisescu, R.: Measurement of stress distributions in truck tyre contact patch in real rolling conditions. Vehicle Syst. Dyn. 50, 1747–1760 (2012)
Bachmann, C.: Vergleichende Rollwiderstandsmessungen an Lkw-Reifen im Labor und auf realen Fahrbahnen. Ph.D. thesis, RWTH Aachen University (2018)
Bukovics, J., Roca, E., Gerschütz, W., Kolm, H., Scheider, A.: Auslegung von Akustik und Schwingungskomfort. Vieweg-Verlag, Wiesbaden (2008)
Fernando, E. G., Musani, D., Park, D-W., Liu, W.: Evaluation of effects of tire size and inflation pressure on tire contact stresses and pavement response. Texas Transportation Institute, http://tti.tamu.edu/documents/0-4361-1.pdf. Last accessed 11 Dec 2020
Friederichs, J., Wegener, D., Eckstein, L., Hartung, F., Kaliske, M., Götz, T., Ressel, W.: Using a new 3D-print-method to investigate rubber friction laws on different scales. Tire Sci. Technol. 48, 250–286 (2020)
Friederichs, J., Eckstein, L.: Enhanced prediction of the tire-road-interaction by considering the surface texture, In: Functional Pavements – Proceedings of the 6th Chinese – European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design (CEW 2020). CRC Press, Nan**g (2020)
Gallrein, A.: CDTire – State-of-the-art Tire Models for Full Vehicle Simulation. Fraunhofer ITWM, Kaiserslautern (2004)
Gipser, M.: Reifenmodelle in der Fahrzeugdynamik: eine einfache Formel genügt nicht mehr, auch wenn sie magisch ist. MKS-Simulation in der Automobilindustrie, Graz (2001)
Gipser, M.: The FTire Tire Model. https://www.cosin.eu/wp-content/uploads/ftire_eng_3.pdf. Last accessed 11 Dec 2020
Hartung, F., Kienle, R., Götz, T., Winkler, T., Ressel, W., Eckstein, L., Kaliske, M.: Numerical determination of hysteresis friction on different length scales and comparison to experiments. Tribol. Int. 127, 165–176 (2018)
ISO 7401:2011 – Road vehicles – Lateral transient response test methods – Open-loop test methods. International Standard, Geneva (2011)
Isermann, R.: Fahrdynamik-Regelung – Modellbildung, Fahrerassistenzsysteme, Mechatronik. Vieweg-Verlag, Wiesbaden, (2006)
Kanafi, M.: Rocky road – surface roughness impacts on rubber friction. Ph.D. thesis, Aalto University (2017)
Karnopp, D., Crosby, M., Harwood, R.: Vibration control using semi-active force generators. J. Eng. Indus. 96, 619–626 (1974)
Khandavalli, G., Kalabis, M., Wegener, D., Eckstein, L.: Potentials of modern active suspension control strategies – From model predictive control to deep learning approaches. In: 10th International Munich Chassis Symposium 2019, pp. 179–199. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden (2020)
Knauer, P.: Objektivierung des Schwingungskomforts bei instationärer Fahrbahnanregung. Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universität München (2010)
Liu, X., Cao, Q., Wang, H., Chen, J., Huang, H.: Evaluation of vehicle braking performance on wet pavement surface using an integrated tire-vehicle modeling approach. Transp. Res. Rec. 2673, 295–307 (2019)
Oertel, C., Eichler, M., Fandre, A.: RMOD-K – Modellsystem zur Simulation des Reifenverhaltens beim Überrollen kurzwelliger Unebenheiten – Version 6.0. In: International ADAMS User’s Conference, Berlin (1999)
Pacejka, H.: Tyre and Vehicle Dynamics, 3rd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann - Elsevier, Burlington (2012)
ProgTrans, A.G.: Abschätzung der langfristigen Entwicklung des Güterverkehrs in Deutschland bis 2050. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung, Basel (2007)
Rauh, J.: OpenCRG – The open standard to represent high precision 3D road data in vehicle simulation tasks on rough roads for handling, ride comfort, and durability load analyses. http://www.opencrg.org. Last accessed 10 Dec 2020
Savaresi, S., Poussot-Vassal, C., Spelta, C., Sename, O., Dugard, L.: Semi-Active Suspension Control Design for Vehicles. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2010)
Shell, A.G.: Shell LKW-Studie – Fakten, Trends und Perspektiven im Straßengüterverkehr bis 2030, Hamburg/Berlin (2010)
VDI-Richtlinie 2057-1: Einwirkung mechanischer Schwingungen auf den Menschen Ganzkörper-Schwingungen. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e. V., Darmstadt (2017)
Valášek, M., Kortüm, W.: Semi-active suspension systems II. In: Nwokah, O., Hurmuzlu, Y. (eds.) The Mechanical Systems Handbook. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida (2002)
Velske, S., Mentlein, H., Eymann, P.: Straßenbau – Straßenbautechnik. Werner Verlag, Düsseldorf (2009)
Winkler, T., Wegener, D., Eckstein, L.: Method development to analyse the vertical and lateral dynamic road-vehicle interaction of heavy-duty vehicles. Autom. Engine Technol. 3, 129–139 (2018)
Winkler, T.: Generierung quasi-rollender Prüfstandsanregungssignale für ein gekoppeltes Reifen-Fahrbahn-System. Ph.D. thesis, RWTH Aachen University (2018)
Zegelaar, P.: The dynamic response of tyres to brake torque variations and road unevenesses, Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology (1998)
Zheng, B., Chen, J., Runmin, Z., **aoming, H.: Skid resistance demands of asphalt pavement during the braking process of autonomous vehicles. MATEC Web Conf. 275, 04002 (2019)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Friederichs, J., Khandavalli, G., Eckstein, L. (2021). Experimental and Simulative Methods for the Analysis of Vehicle-Tire-Pavement Interaction. In: Kaliske, M., Oeser, M., Eckstein, L., Leischner, S., Ressel, W., Wellner, F. (eds) Coupled System Pavement - Tire - Vehicle. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics, vol 96. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75486-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75486-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75485-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75486-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)