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Metal Oxides for Perovskite Solar Cells

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Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films

Abstract

The photovoltaic (PV) industry is attracting a lot of attention from researchers and industry alike. The conventional sources of energy pose a threat to the environment and are depleting at a rapid pace. Sooner or later, these sources need to be replaced with dependable and cleaner sources. The quest to develop solar cells with high efficiency and low cost is afoot. The first-generation solar cells achieved high efficiency but at a high manufacturing cost. The -generation solar cells had phenomenal success in balancing performance and cost but employed toxic materials. Third-generation solar cells such as perovskite solar cells have not only achieved high efficiency but have also overcome the shortcomings of previous generations. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) consist of light-absorbing organic metal halides sandwiched between charge transport layers. The function of transport layers is to separate and transport the charges effectively. Metal oxides, due to their high chemical stability, easy processability and low cost, are most suitable as transport layers. Depending upon nature and band positions, the metal oxides can be used either as an electron or as a hole transport layer. Transport layers have a profound effect not only on the performance of the cell but also on the overall stability. In this chapter, we focus on the role of metal oxides in the fabrication and performance of PSCs. The different requirements and parameters essential for a metal oxide have been highlighted.

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Abbreviations

CZTS:

Copper-zinc-tin sulphide

DFT:

Density functional theory

ETL:

Electron transport layer

FAI:

Formamidinium iodide

HTL:

Hole transport layer

J sc :

Short-circuit current

MAI:

Methyl ammonium iodide

OPV:

Organic photovoltaics

PCE:

Power conversion efficiency

PSCs:

Perovskite solar cells

PV:

Photovoltaics

V oc :

Open-circuit voltage

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education under Grant 2018R1D1A1B07048610.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea

    V. C. Lokhande, C. H. Kim & T. Ji

  2. Applied Quantum Materials Laboratory (AQML), Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    A. C. Lokhande

  3. Centre for Interdisciplinaery Studies, D.Y Patil Education Society, (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, India

    Chandrakant D. Lokhande

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  1. V. C. Lokhande
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  2. C. H. Kim
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  3. A. C. Lokhande
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Fabian I. Ezema

  2. D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, India

    Chandrakant D. Lokhande

  3. Department of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

    Rajan Jose

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Lokhande, V.C., Kim, C.H., Lokhande, A.C., Lokhande, C.D., Ji, T. (2021). Metal Oxides for Perovskite Solar Cells. In: Ezema, F.I., Lokhande, C.D., Jose, R. (eds) Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68462-4_8

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