Abstract
Internally displaced peoples’ right to development is challenged by development-induced displacements caused by either corporations or states in exercising eminent domain rights on public needs grounds. While eminent domain for development projects are within states’ mandates, states are obligated to promote and protect the right to development of persons displaced by such development projects. States are called upon to balance the right of internally displaced persons to development and the need to develop for the public good. This chapter therefore examines the interplay between the duty to protect the right to development of internally displaced persons and the duty to develop for the public benefit in the case of development-induced displacements in Kenya.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adeola, R. (2017). The Responsibility of Businesses to Prevent Development-Induced Displacement in Africa. African Human Rights Law Journal, 17 (1), pp 245–265.
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (27 June 1981) OAU Doc CAB/LEG/67/3 rev 5; 1520 UNTS 217; 21 ILM 58 (1982), entered into force 21 October 1986
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, case number 276 of 2003. Decision issued in May 2009. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Centre for Minority Rights Development (Kenya) and Minority Rights Group International on behalf of the Endorois Welfare Council versus Kenya. Decided in 2009.
African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa of 2009.
African Union. (2020). List of Countries Which Have Signed, Ratified/Acceded to the Kampala Convention. Available at: https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/36846-sl-AFRICAN%20UNION%20CONVENTION%20FOR%20THE%20PROTECTION%20AND%20ASSISTANCE%20OF%20INTERNALLY%20DISPLACED%20PERSONS%20IN%20AFRICA%20%28KAMPALA%20CONVENTION%29.pdf
Amnesty International. (2020). Burning of 28 Sengwer Homes in Embobut Forest, Elgeyo Marakwet. Available at: https://www.amnestykenya.org/burning-of-28-sengwer-homes-in-embobut-forest-elgeyo-marakwet/
Amnesty International. (2018). Kenya: Sengwer evictions from Embobut Forest flawed and illegal. Available at: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/kenya-sengwer-evictions-from-embobut-forest-flawed-and-illegal/
Black, H.C. (1968). Black’s Law Dictionary: Definitions of the Terms and Phrases of American and English Jurisprudence, Ancient and Modern West Publishing Company, 4, pp. 616.
Browning, R. (2011). The Right To Development In Africa: An Emerging Jurisprudence? Examining the Endorois recommendation by the African Commission for Human and People’s Rights. Kenya Law. Available at: http://www.kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=1900
Handbook on United Nation’s Basic Principles and Guidelines on Development-based Evictions and Displacement (2019) Housing and Land Rights Network, Fifth Edition.
Human Rights Watch. (2019). Kenya: Abusive Evictions in Mau Forest. Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/09/20/kenya-abusive-evictions-mau-forest
IDMC (2019) Global Report on Internal Displacement. Available at https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2019/
Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Saramaka People v Suriname. Series C no 172, Judgment of 28 November 2007.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Adopted by General Assembly resolution 2200 (XXI) of 16 December 1966
International Conference on the Great Lakes Region. (2006) Great Lakes Protocol on Protection and Assistance to IDPs of 2006.
Juma, L. (2013). Protection of development-induced internally displaced persons under the African Charter: the case of the Endorois community of Northern Kenya. The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa. Vol. 46, No. 2 (JULY 2013), pp. 211–233
Kenya Law. (2012). ‘Kenyan Prevention, Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons and Affected Communities Act 56 of 2012’ Assented 31 December 2012.
Kenya Law. (2010). Land Acquisition Act Chapter 295 (Revised 2010).
Marks, S. & Malhotra, R. (2017). The Future of the Right to Development.
M’Baye, K. (1972). Le Droit au Développement Comme un Droit de L’Homme, Leçon inaugurale de la Troisième Session d’enseignement de l’Institut International des droits de l’Homme. Revue des droits de l’homme, 5, pp. 503.
Saah, C. N. (2018). ‘Marianne-The Symbol of Freedom: A Critical Analysis in Light of the Right to Development in Africa’ in Ngang CC et al (eds), Perspectives on the right to development pp. 18.
Save Lamu & 5 others v National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) & another (2019) eKLR.
Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. Alfred A. Knopf
The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights versus The Republic of Kenya, Application 006/2012. Decided on 26 May 2017 (Ogiek case)
The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, Government Printer.
The Charter of the United Nations Charter of 1945, Drafted 14 August 1941.
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People Adopted by the UN General Assembly on 13 September 2007.
United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development of 1986.
United Nations Environment. (2018). The Impacts on the Community of the Proposed Coal Plant in Lamu: Who, if Anyone, Benefits from Burning Fossil Fuels? Perspectives, Issue No. 31. Available at https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/25363/Perspectives31_ImpactCoalPlantLamu_28032018_WEB.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacements of 1988.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rotich, N.C. (2021). Beyond Accountability and Eminent Domain: Development Rights and Development-Induced Displacement in Kenya. In: Adeola, R. (eds) National Protection of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66884-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66884-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-66883-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-66884-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)