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Climatic Influence on Volcanic Landslides

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Volcanic Debris Avalanches

Part of the book series: Advances in Volcanology ((VOLCAN))

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Abstract

Volcanic landslides are controlled by a combination of magmatic, tectonic and surficial processes, the last of which is predominantly influenced by climate. In this chapter, we consider the influences of present and geologically recent climates on the occurrence of volcanic landslides. We begin by summarizing Quaternary climatic variability to illustrate the wide range of conditions and rates of change experienced by modern edifices. A focus on geologically recent volcanoes is prudent because both their morphologies and evidence of the climatic conditions affecting them are typically better preserved; pre-Quaternary climates similarly affected edifices that are now largely lost from the geomorphic record. We then review the climatic factors that condition and possibly trigger volcanic landslides, the challenges in dating landslides and climatic changes, and the difficulties in determining triggers of volcanic landslides. Finally, case studies of present and past climate influences on volcanic landslides collected from scientific literature–covering both subaerial and coastal settings–illustrate several key points: edifice collapses were numerous at the end of the last glaciation; current glacial retreat is conditioning volcanic slope failure in some specific settings; shallow landslides in volcanic environments appear to be increasing due to changes in weather extremes; and sea level fluctuation plays a role in volcanic island collapses. As knowledge on climate variability, volcanic, and surficial processes progresses, the understanding of how climate and its changes affect volcanic landslides will further improve.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Lisa Borgatti and Costanza Morino for a critical review of this paper. Eventual errors or omissions are purely the responsibility of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Minerva Intelligence Inc., 301-850 West Hastings St. Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, V6C11, Canada

    Gioachino Roberti

  2. Mineral Resources Tasmania, 30 Gordons Hill Road, Rosny Park, TAS, 7018, Australia

    Nicholas J. Roberts

  3. National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines

    Catherine Lit

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  1. Gioachino Roberti
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  2. Nicholas J. Roberts
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Correspondence to Gioachino Roberti .

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Matteo Roverato

  2. Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Anja Dufresne

  3. School of Agriculture and Environment, INR Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Jonathan Procter

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Roberti, G., Roberts, N.J., Lit, C. (2021). Climatic Influence on Volcanic Landslides. In: Roverato, M., Dufresne, A., Procter, J. (eds) Volcanic Debris Avalanches. Advances in Volcanology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_6

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