Abstract
Cellular therapy is an integral part of cancer immunotherapy, which is now considered as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is considered the most classic example of cellular immunotherapy. Post-transplant interplay between host and donor immune reactive cells plays a major role in graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Immune reconstitution of the T-cell repertoire has major implications for relapsed disease, GvHD, and post-transplant viral infections. This chapter will focus on the exciting development in cellular therapy in the context of HCT and cell therapy including discussion of the diverse repertoire of T-cell products, specifically donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes for viral infections, and T-cell receptor gene-modified T cells. In addition, the underlying pathophysiology and mechanism of action of cell-mediated effects with a focus on evidence from clinical studies elaborating the indications, efficacy ,and safety of these T-cell-mediated therapies will be discussed, along with a brief overview of future directions and clinical trials exploring the potential of novel cell-mediated therapies in post-transplant settings.
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Further Readings
Donor Lymphocyte Infusion
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Regulatory T (Treg) Cells
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Pierini A, Colonna L, Alvarez M, et al. Donor requirements for regulatory T cell suppression of murine graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol. 2015;195(1):347–55.
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Whangbo JS, Kim HT, Nikiforow S, et al. Functional analysis of clinical response to low-dose IL-2 in patients with refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. Blood Adv. 2019;3(7):984–94.
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Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes for Viral Infections
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Withers B, Blyth E, Clancy LE, et al. Long-term control of recurrent or refractory viral infections after allogeneic HSCT with third-party virus-specific T cells. Blood Adv. 2017;1:2193–205.
T-Cell Receptors-Gene-Modified T Cells for Cancer Treatment
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Hashmi, H., Majhail, N., Abutalib, S.A., Rapoport, A.P., Yared, J.A. (2021). T-Cell Therapeutics: Donor Lymphocyte Infusion, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Infusion, and Other Non-CAR T-Cell Therapies. In: Maziarz, R.T., Slater, S.S. (eds) Blood and Marrow Transplant Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53626-8_55
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