The Bone Marrow Niche – The Tumor Microenvironment That Ensures Leukemia Progression

Cardoso, Bruno António

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_14

Bruno António Cardoso⁸

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1219))

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Abstract

The human body requires a constant delivery of fresh blood cells that are needed to maintain body homeostasis. Hematopoiesis is the process that drives the formation of new blood cells from a single stem cell. This is a complex, orchestrated and tightly regulated process that occurs within the bone marrow. When such process is faulty or deregulated, leukemia arises, develops and thrives by subverting normal hematopoiesis and availing the supplies of this rich milieu.

In this book chapter we will describe and characterize the bone marrow microenvironment and its key importance for leukemia expansion. The several components of the bone marrow niche, their interaction with the leukemic cells and the cellular pathways activated within the malignant cells will be emphasized. Finally, novel therapeutic strategies to target this sibling interaction will also be discussed.

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Leukemia Stem Cells Microenvironment

The hematopoietic stem-cell niche in health and leukemia

Article Open access 19 July 2016

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Its Niche: the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Article Open access 11 February 2020

Abbreviations

PDK:: 3-Phosphinositide-dependent Protein Kinase
Ang:: Angiopoietin
AGM:: Aorta-gonad-mesonephros
ALL:: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
AML:: Acute Myeloid Leukemia
B-ALL:: B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
BM:: Bone Marrow
BMP:: Bone Morphogenetic Protein
CNS:: Central Nervous System
CML:: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
CSF:: Colony-stimulating Factor
CLP:: Common Lymphoid Progenitor
CMP:: Common Myeloid Progenitor
CAR:: CXCL12 Abundant Reticular cells
CXCR4:: C-X-C chemokine receptor 4
CXCL12:: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12
Ara-C:: Cytarabine
Dll-1:: Delta-like-1
DHH:: Desert Hedgehog
ETP-ALL:: Early T-cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
EC:: Endothelial Cells
ECM:: Extracellular Matrix
FABP4:: Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4
FAO:: Fatty Acid Oxidation
FGF:: Fibroblast Growht Factor
FL:: Fetal Liver
GAL:: Galectin
GMP:: Granulocyte-monocyte Progenitors
G-CSF:: Granulocyte-stimulating factor
GLI:: Glioma Zinc Finger Transcription Factor
HSC:: Hematopoietic Stem Cell
HIF:: Hypoxia Inducible Factor
IHH:: Indian Hedgehog
IFN:: Interferon
IGFBP:: Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein
IL:: Interleukin
ICAM-1:: Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1
ICN:: Intracellular Notch
JAK:: Janus kinase
LepR:: Leptin receptor
LIC:: Leukemia Initiating Cell
LSC:: Leukemic Stem Cell
LSK:: Lin⁻ Sca-1⁺ c-Kit⁺
LT-HSC:: Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell
LFA-1:: Lymphocyte Function Associated Antigen-1
mTOR:: Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
MEP:: Megakaryocyte-erythrocyte Progenitors
MSC:: Mesenchymal Stem Cell
OB:: Osteoblast
OC:: Osteoclast
OPN:: Osteopontin
PDX:: Patient-derived Xenograft
PTEN:: Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue
PIP2:: Phosphatidyl-Inositol 4,5-Bisphosphate
PIP3:: Phosphatidyl-Inositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate
PI3K:: Phospho-Inositol-3-Kinase
PKB/Akt:: Protein Kinase B
RBC:: Red Blood Cell
ST-HSC:: Short-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell
STAT:: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
SMO:: Smoothened
SHH:: Sonic Hedgehog
SCF:: Stem Cell Factor
SC:: Stromal Cell
SDF-1:: Stromal Derived Factor -1
SNC:: Sympathetic neural cells
T-ALL:: T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
TCF/LEF:: T-cell factor/Lymphoid enhancer binding factor
TGF:: Transforming Growth Factor
TPO:: Thrombopoietin
TNF:: Tumor Necrosis Factor
TKI:: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
VCAM-1:: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
VE:: Vascular Endothelial
VEGF:: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
VEGFR:: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor
VLA-4:: Very Late Antigen-4
VHL:: von Hippel-Lindau
WNT:: Wingless and INT-1
WHO:: World Health Organization
YS:: Yolk-Sac

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Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Bruno António Cardoso

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Jacinta Serpa

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Cardoso, B.A. (2020). The Bone Marrow Niche – The Tumor Microenvironment That Ensures Leukemia Progression. In: Serpa, J. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1219. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_14

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Leukemia Stem Cells Microenvironment

The hematopoietic stem-cell niche in health and leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Its Niche: the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

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The Bone Marrow Niche – The Tumor Microenvironment That Ensures Leukemia Progression

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Leukemia Stem Cells Microenvironment

The hematopoietic stem-cell niche in health and leukemia

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Its Niche: the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

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