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Intraductal Ablation Therapy in the Biliary Ductal System

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Gastrointestinal and Pancreatico-Biliary Diseases: Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

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Abstract

Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) results from biliary, pancreatic, and ampullary malignancies. Majority of cases with MBO are unresectable at the time of initial diagnosis. Therefore, palliative care is the mainstay of management in these patients. Drainage of the obstructed biliary system is an important component of palliative care and has been shown to improve the quality of life in cases with MBO. Endoscopic decompression of the biliary system preferably using metal stents is the current standard of care in unresectable MBO. Although metal stents have longer patency than plastic stents, recurrent occlusion due to tumor ingrowth is a significant concern especially with uncovered metal stents. In last few decades, the use of intraductal ablation therapy has shown encouraging results in cases with advanced MBO. Intraductal ablation modalities used in biliary tract include radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These ablative therapies when used as an adjunct to metal stents have been shown to improve stent patency as well as survival rates. Therefore, intraductal biliary ablation is a major leap in the palliative care of in-operable MBO, especially cholangiocarcinomas. In the absence of high-quality comparative trials, the choice of intraductal ablative therapy (RFA or PDT) is largely dependent on the availability, expertise of the operator, and patient’s preference. Besides MBO, other emerging indications for intraductal ablative therapies especially RFA include management of occluded metal stents, treatment of intraductal residual ampullary adenoma, and refractory benign biliary strictures.

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  1. Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India

    Zaheer Nabi & D. Nageshwar Reddy

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  1. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, MILANO, Milano, Italy

    Pier Alberto Testoni

  2. Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Haruhiro Inoue

  3. Div. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Michael B. Wallace

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  1. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Pier Alberto Testoni

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Nabi, Z., Reddy, D.N. (2021). Intraductal Ablation Therapy in the Biliary Ductal System. In: Testoni, P.A., Inoue, H., Wallace, M.B. (eds) Gastrointestinal and Pancreatico-Biliary Diseases: Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29964-4_86-1

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